Complex-valued in-medium potential between heavy impurities in ultracold atoms
Abstract
We formulate the induced potential in a finite temperature cold atomic medium between two heavy impurities, or polarons, which is shown to be \textit{complex-valued} in general. The imaginary part of the complex-valued potential describes a decoherence effect, and thus, the resulting Schr\"odinger equation for the two polarons acquires a non-Hermitian term. We apply the developed formulation to two representative cases of polarons interacting with medium particles through the -wave contact interaction: (i) the normal phase of single-component (i.e., spin-polarized) fermions using the fermionic field theory, and (ii) a superfluid phase using the superfluid effective field theory, which is valid either for a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of a single-component Bose gas or for the BEC-BCS crossover in two-component fermions at a low-energy regime. Computing the leading-order term, the imaginary part of the potential in both cases is found to show a universal behavior at long distance. We propose three experimental ways to observe the effects of the universal imaginary potential in cold atoms.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2312.08241,
title = {Complex-valued in-medium potential between heavy impurities in ultracold atoms},
author = {Yukinao Akamatsu and Shimpei Endo and Keisuke Fujii and Masaru Hongo},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.08241},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
16 pages, version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A