Complementability of separable spaces $\mathcal{C}(K)$ in Banach spaces

For a metric compact space $L$ and a Banach space $E$, we provide a characterization of the complementability of the Banach space $\mathcal{C}(L)$ of continuous functions on $L$ inside $E$ in terms of the existence of a certain tree in the product $E \times E^*$, based on new descriptions of the Banach spaces $\mathcal{C}([1, \omega^{\alpha}])$ for countable ordinal numbers $\alpha$ and $\mathcal{C}(2^{\omega})$. Applying this general result in the case where $E=\mathcal{C}(K)$ for some compact space $K$, we further obtain a characterization of the existence of a positively $1$-complemented positively isometric copy of $\mathcal{C}(L)$ inside $\mathcal{C}(K)$ in terms of the topology of $K$ and the space of probability Radon measures on $K$. In the process, we also prove a variant of the classical Holszty\'{n}ski theorem for isometric embeddings onto complemented subspaces.