Collaborative LLM Agents for C4 Software Architecture Design Automation
Abstract
Software architecture design is a fundamental part of creating every software system. Despite its importance, producing a C4 software architecture model, the preferred notation for such architecture, remains manual and time-consuming. We introduce an LLM-based multi-agent system that automates this task by simulating a dialogue between role-specific experts who analyze requirements and generate the Context, Container, and Component views of the C4 model. Quality is assessed with a hybrid evaluation framework: deterministic checks for structural and syntactic integrity and C4 rule consistency, plus semantic and qualitative scoring via an LLM-as-a-Judge approach. Tested on five canonical system briefs, the workflow demonstrates fast C4 model creation, sustains high compilation success, and delivers semantic fidelity. A comparison of four state-of-the-art LLMs shows different strengths relevant to architectural design. This study contributes to automated software architecture design and its evaluation methods.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2510.22787,
title = {Collaborative LLM Agents for C4 Software Architecture Design Automation},
author = {Kamil Szczepanik and Jarosław A. Chudziak},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.22787},
year = {2025}
}
Comments
This paper has been accepted for the upcoming 59th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-59), 2026, Hawaii, USA. The final published version will appear in the official conference proceedings