English

Certified randomness in tight space

Quantum Physics 2024-05-31 v2

Abstract

Reliable randomness is a core ingredient in algorithms and applications ranging from numerical simulations to statistical sampling and cryptography. The outcomes of measurements on entangled quantum states can violate Bell inequalities, thus guaranteeing their intrinsic randomness. This constitutes the basis for certified randomness generation. However, this certification requires spacelike separated devices, making it unfit for a compact apparatus. Here we provide a general method for certified randomness generation on a small-scale application-ready device and perform an integrated photonic demonstration combining a solid-state emitter and a glass chip. In contrast to most existing certification protocols, which in the absence of spacelike separation are vulnerable to loopholes inherent to realistic devices, the protocol we implement accounts for information leakage and is thus compatible with emerging compact scalable devices. We demonstrate a 2-qubit photonic device that achieves the highest standard in randomness yet is cut out for real-world applications. The full 94.5-hour-long stabilized process harnesses a bright and stable single-photon quantum-dot based source, feeding into a reconfigurable photonic chip, with stability in the milliradian range on the implemented phases and consistent indistinguishability of the entangled photons above 93%. Using the contextuality framework, we certify private randomness generation and achieve a rate compatible with randomness expansion secure against quantum adversaries.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2301.03536,
  title  = {Certified randomness in tight space},
  author = {Andreas Fyrillas and Boris Bourdoncle and Alexandre Maïnos and Pierre-Emmanuel Emeriau and Kayleigh Start and Nico Margaria and Martina Morassi and Aristide Lemaître and Isabelle Sagnes and Petr Stepanov and Thi Huong Au and Sébastien Boissier and Niccolo Somaschi and Nicolas Maring and Nadia Belabas and Shane Mansfield},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2301.03536},
  year   = {2024}
}

Comments

20 pages, 11 figures. Improved manuscript, close to published version

R2 v1 2026-06-28T08:07:50.465Z