English

Biembeddings of cycle systems using integer Heffter arrays

Combinatorics 2019-08-12 v2

Abstract

In this paper we will show the existence of a face 22-colourable biembedding of the complete graph onto an orientable surface where each face is a cycle of a fixed length kk, for infinitely many values of kk. In particular, under certain conditions, we show that there exists at least (n2)[(p2)!]2/(e2kn)(n-2)[(p-2)!]^2/(e^2 kn) non-isomorphic face 22-colourable biembeddings of K2nk+1K_{2nk+1} in which all faces are cycles of length k=4p+3k=4p+3. These conditions are: n1mod4n\equiv 1\mod 4, k3mod4k\equiv 3\mod 4 and either nn is prime or nkn\gg k and n0mod3n\equiv 0\mod 3 implies p1mod3p\equiv 1\mod 3. To achieve this result we begin by verifying the existence of (n2)[(p2)!/e]2(n-2)[(p-2)!/e]^2 non-equivalent Heffter arrays, H(n;k)H(n;k), which satisfy the conditions: (1) for each row and each column the sequential partial sums determined by the natural ordering must be distinct modulo 2nk+12nk+1; (2) the composition of the natural orderings of the rows and columns is equivalent to a single cycle permutation on the entries in the array. The existence of Heffter arrays H(n;k)H(n;k) that satisfy condition (1) was established earlier in \cite{BCDY} and in this current paper we vary this construction and show that there are at least (n2)[(p2)!/e]2(n-2)[(p-2)!/e]^2 such non-equivalent H(n;k)H(n;k) that satisfy condition (1) and then show that each of these Heffter arrays also satisfy condition (2) under certain conditions.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1906.10525,
  title  = {Biembeddings of cycle systems using integer Heffter arrays},
  author = {Nicholas J. Cavenagh and D. Donovan and E. Ş. Yazici},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.10525},
  year   = {2019}
}

Comments

arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1906.07366

R2 v1 2026-06-23T10:03:04.844Z