English

Attention Meets Post-hoc Interpretability: A Mathematical Perspective

Machine Learning 2025-10-22 v2 Computation and Language Machine Learning

Abstract

Attention-based architectures, in particular transformers, are at the heart of a technological revolution. Interestingly, in addition to helping obtain state-of-the-art results on a wide range of applications, the attention mechanism intrinsically provides meaningful insights on the internal behavior of the model. Can these insights be used as explanations? Debate rages on. In this paper, we mathematically study a simple attention-based architecture and pinpoint the differences between post-hoc and attention-based explanations. We show that they provide quite different results, and that, despite their limitations, post-hoc methods are capable of capturing more useful insights than merely examining the attention weights.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2402.03485,
  title  = {Attention Meets Post-hoc Interpretability: A Mathematical Perspective},
  author = {Gianluigi Lopardo and Frederic Precioso and Damien Garreau},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.03485},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

Accepted at ICML 2024

R2 v1 2026-06-28T14:39:17.707Z