English

An Analytic Model For Magnetically-Dominated Accretion Disks

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena 2025-12-22 v2 Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies Plasma Physics Space Physics

Abstract

Recent numerical cosmological radiation-magnetohydrodynamic-thermochemical-star formation simulations have resolved the formation of quasar accretion disks with Eddington or super-Eddington accretion rates onto supermassive black holes (SMBHs) down to a few hundred gravitational radii. These 'flux-frozen' and hyper-magnetized disks appear to be qualitatively distinct from classical α\alpha disks and magnetically-arrested disks: the midplane pressure is dominated by toroidal magnetic fields with plasma β1\beta \ll 1 powered by advection of magnetic flux from the interstellar medium (ISM), and they are super-sonically and trans-Alfvenically turbulent with cooling times short compared to dynamical times yet remain gravitationally stable owing to magnetic support. In this paper, we present a simple analytic similarity model for such disks. For reasonable assumptions, the model is entirely specified by the boundary conditions (inflow rate at the BH radius of influence [BHROI]). We show that the scalings from this model are robust to various detailed assumptions, agree remarkably well with the simulations (given their simplicity), and demonstrate the self-consistency and gravitational stability of such disks even in the outer accretion disk (approaching the BHROI) at hyper-Eddington accretion rates.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2310.04507,
  title  = {An Analytic Model For Magnetically-Dominated Accretion Disks},
  author = {Philip F. Hopkins and Jonathan Squire and Eliot Quataert and Norman Murray and Kung-Yi Su and Ulrich P. Steinwandel and Kyle Kremer and Claude-Andre Faucher-Giguere and Sarah Wellons},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.04507},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

12 pages, 1 figure. Replaced with accepted version. Companion paper to 'FORGE'D IN FIRE II' (arXiv:2310.04506, part of a series with arXiv:2309.13115 -- animations of the simulations referred to here can be viewed at http://www.tapir.caltech.edu/~phopkins/Site/animations/Movies_zoom.html)

R2 v1 2026-06-28T12:42:57.486Z