Large astronomical instruments using tens to hundreds of optical or infrared science detectors pose specific challenges for detector control, where, in addition to performance, other engineering aspects like scalability, power consumption, size, weight and programmatic aspects such as cost and sustainability need to be considered. In this paper we analyze the approach existing instruments have taken for detector control. We focus this analysis on recent ground based astronomical instruments using 10 or more detectors for science imaging or spectrography. From this analysis we identify key technologies, like cryogenic electronics, Ethernet based interfaces and fully-digital detectors, for implementing efficient control of many detectors. We also propose a concept joining all identified technologies that could be considered for future large ESO instruments as a complement of ESO's general detector controller, NGCII.
@article{arxiv.2603.17389,
title = {An Analysis of Large Astronomical Detector Controller Systems and Implications for Future ESO Detector Systems},
author = {Mathias Richerzhagen and Naidu Bezawada and Sebastian Elias Egner and Elizabeth George and Alessandro Meoli and Alexander Rüde and Matthias Seidel and Domingo Álvarez Méndez and Olaf Iwert and Leander Mehrgan and Javier Reyes and Benoît Serra and Omar Sqalli and Derek Ives},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.17389},
year = {2026}
}