Almost all primes are partially regular
Abstract
For odd primes , we let be the th cyclotomic field and let denote its Teichmuller character. For , we say that an odd prime is partially regular if the eigenspaces of the -Sylow subgroup of under the Galois action vanish for all characters with Equivalently, throughout this range. We prove that a density-one subset of primes is partially regular in this sense. By Leopoldt reflection, this yields a partial Vandiver Theorem: for a density-one set of primes , the even eigenspaces vanish for all even satisfying the inequality above. This result has consequences for Kubota-Leopoldt -adic -functions, congruences between cusp forms and Eisenstein series, and -torsion in algebraic -groups. The theorem proving partial regularity for almost all is fully formalized in Lean/Mathlib and was produced automatically by AxiomProver from a natural-language statement of the conjecture.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2602.05090,
title = {Almost all primes are partially regular},
author = {Evan Chen and Chris Cummins and Ben Eltschig and Dejan Grubisic and Leopold Haller and Letong Hong and Andranik Kurghinyan and Kenny Lau and Hugh Leather and Seewoo Lee and Aram Markosyan and Ken Ono and Manooshree Patel and Gaurang Pendharkar and Vedant Rathi and Alex Schneidman and Volker Seeker and Shubho Sengupta and Ishan Sinha and Jimmy Xin and Jujian Zhang},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.05090},
year = {2026}
}