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Almost all graphs have no cospectral mate with fixed level

Combinatorics 2025-09-09 v1

Abstract

Haemers conjectures that almost all graphs are determined by their spectra. Suppose GG(n,p)G \sim \mathcal{G}(n, p) is a random graph with each edge chosen independently with probability pp with 0<p<10 < p < 1. Then Pr(G is not controllable)+=2nn2Pr(G has a generalized copsectral mate with level )0\Pr(G \text{ is not controllable}) + \sum_{\ell = 2}^{n^{n^2}} \Pr(G \text{ has a generalized copsectral mate with level } \ell) \to 0 as nn \to \infty implies that almost all graphs are determined by their generalized spectra. It is known that almost all graphs are controllable. We show that almost all graphs have no cospectral mate with fixed level \ell, namely Pr(G has a copsectral mate with level )0\Pr(G \text{ has a copsectral mate with level } \ell) \to 0 as nn \to \infty for every 2\ell \geq 2. Consequently, Pr(G has a generalized copsectral mate with level )0\Pr(G \text{ has a generalized copsectral mate with level } \ell) \to 0 as nn \to \infty for every 2\ell \geq 2. The result can also be interpreted in the framework of random integral matrices.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2509.05781,
  title  = {Almost all graphs have no cospectral mate with fixed level},
  author = {Wei Wang and Da Zhao},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.05781},
  year   = {2025}
}

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R2 v1 2026-07-01T05:24:32.911Z