A universal neutral-atom quantum computer with individual optical addressing and non-destructive readout
Abstract
Quantum computers must achieve large-scale, fault-tolerant operation to deliver on their promise of transformational processing power [1-4]. This will require thousands or millions of high-fidelity quantum gates and similar numbers of qubits [5]. Demonstrations using neutral-atom qubits trapped and manipulated by lasers have shown that this modality can provide high two-qubit gate (CZ) fidelities and scalable operation [6-13]. However, the gates in these demonstrations are driven by lasers that do not resolve individual qubits, with universal computation enabled by physical mid-circuit shuttling of the qubits. This relatively slow operation may greatly extend runtimes for useful, large-scale computation. Here we demonstrate a universal neutral-atom quantum computer with gate rates limited by optical switching times, rather than shuttling, by individually addressing tightly focused laser beams at an array of single atoms. We achieve CZ fidelity of 99.35(4)% and local single-qubit RZ gate fidelity of 99.902(8)%. Moreover, we demonstrate non-destructive readout of alkali-atom qubits with 0.9(3)% loss, which boosts operational speed. This technique also enables us to measure a state-of-the-art CZ fidelity of 99.73(3)% when excluding atom-loss events, which may be mitigated through erasure conversion. Our results represent a critical step towards large-scale, fault-tolerant neutral-atom quantum computers that can execute computations on practical timescales.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2408.08288,
title = {A universal neutral-atom quantum computer with individual optical addressing and non-destructive readout},
author = {A. G. Radnaev and W. C. Chung and D. C. Cole and D. Mason and T. G. Ballance and M. J. Bedalov and D. A. Belknap and M. R. Berman and M. Blakely and I. L. Bloomfield and P. D. Buttler and C. Campbell and A. Chopinaud and E. Copenhaver and M. K. Dawes and S. Y. Eubanks and A. J. Friss and D. M. Garcia and J. Gilbert and M. Gillette and P. Goiporia and P. Gokhale and J. Goldwin and D. Goodwin and T. M. Graham and CJ Guttormsson and G. T. Hickman and L. Hurtley and M. Iliev and E. B. Jones and R. A. Jones and K. W. Kuper and T. B. Lewis and M. T. Lichtman and F. Majdeteimouri and J. J. Mason and J. K. McMaster and J. A. Miles and P. T. Mitchell and J. D. Murphree and N. A. Neff-Mallon and T. Oh and V. Omole and C. Parlo Simon and N. Pederson and M. A. Perlin and A. Reiter and R. Rines and P. Romlow and A. M. Scott and D. Stiefvater and J. R. Tanner and A. K. Tucker and I. V. Vinogradov and M. L. Warter and M. Yeo and M. Saffman and T. W. Noel},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2408.08288},
year = {2025}
}