English

A Three-Dimensional SFT with Sparse Columns

Dynamical Systems 2026-05-18 v2 Discrete Mathematics

Abstract

We construct a nontrivial three-dimensional subshift of finite type whose projective Z\Z-subdynamics, or Z\Z-trace, is 2-sparse, meaning that there are at most two nonzero symbols in any vertical column. The subshift is deterministic in the direction of the subdynamics, so it is topologically conjugate to the set of spacetime diagrams of a partial cellular automaton. We also present a variant of the subshift that is defined by Wang cubes, and one whose alphabet is binary.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2512.10499,
  title  = {A Three-Dimensional SFT with Sparse Columns},
  author = {Ville Salo and Ilkka Törmä},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.10499},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

28 pages, 5 figures; this version has slightly simpler mats

R2 v1 2026-07-01T08:20:22.379Z