English

A Study of Rarely Appeared Instructions in an Executable Binary

Software Engineering 2023-10-13 v1

Abstract

An executable binary typically contains a large number of machine instructions. Although the statistics of popular instructions is well known, the distribution of non-popular instructions has been relatively under explored. Our finding shows that an arbitrary group of binaries com es with both i) a similar distribution of common machine instructions, and ii) quite a few rarely appeared instructions (e.g., less than five occurrences) apart from the distribution. Their infrequency may represent the signature of a code chunk or the footprint of a binary. In this work, we investigate such rare instructions with an in-depth analysis at the source level, clas sifying them into four categories.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2310.08011,
  title  = {A Study of Rarely Appeared Instructions in an Executable Binary},
  author = {Nozima Murodova and Hyungjoon Koo},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.08011},
  year   = {2023}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T12:48:09.705Z