English

A plug-and-play solution for characterizing two-way optical frequency transfer over free-space

Optics 2025-09-11 v3 Instrumentation and Detectors

Abstract

Optical clock networks connected by phase-coherent links offer significant potential for advancing fundamental research and diverse scientific applications. Free-space optical frequency transfer extends fiber-based connectivity to remote areas and holds the potential for global coverage via satellite links. Here we present a compact and robust portable, rack-integrated two-way free-space link characterization system. Equipped with plug-and-play capabilities, the system enables straightforward interfacing with various optical systems and facilitates quick deployment for field experiments. In this work, we achieve a fractional frequency instability of 2.0×10192.0 \times 10^{-19} for an averaging time of 10 s over a 3.4 km horizontal fully folded intra-city free-space link. Moreover, the system maintains an uptime of 94%94\% over 15 hours, illustrating its reliability and effectiveness for high-precision optical frequency comparisons over free-space.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2502.02161,
  title  = {A plug-and-play solution for characterizing two-way optical frequency transfer over free-space},
  author = {Jingxian Ji and Shambo Mukherjee and Alexander Kuhl and Sebastian Koke and Markus Leipe and Markus Rothe and Fabian Steinlechner and Jochen Kronjäger},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.02161},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T21:31:52.516Z