A magic determinant formula for symmetric polynomials of eigenvalues
Abstract
Symmetric polynomials of the roots of a polynomial can be written as polynomials of the coefficients, and by applying this to the characteristic polynomial we can write a symmetric polynomial of the eigenvalues of an matrix as a polynomial of the entries of the matrix. We give a magic formula for this: symbolically substitute in the symmetric polynomial and replace multiplication by . For instance, for a matrix with eigenvalues , \begin{align*} a_1 a_2^2 +a_1^2 a_2 & =\det(A_1, A_2^2)+ \det(A_1^2, A_2) \end{align*} where is the -th column of . One may also take negative powers, allowing us to calculate: \begin{align*} a_1a_2^{-1}+a_1^{-1}a_{2} & =\det(A_{1},A_{2}^{-1})+\det(A_1^{-1},A_{2}) \end{align*} The magic method also works for multivariate symmetric polynomials of the eigenvalues of a set of commuting matrices, e.g. for matrices and with eigenvalues and , \begin{align*} a_1 b_1 a_2^2 + a_1^2a_2b_2 & = \det(AB_{1},A_2^2) + \det(A_1^2,AB_2) \end{align*}
Cite
@article{arxiv.2009.01345,
title = {A magic determinant formula for symmetric polynomials of eigenvalues},
author = {Jules Jacobs},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2009.01345},
year = {2020}
}