English

A Lower Bound for Polynomial Calculus with Extension Rule

Computational Complexity 2020-10-13 v1

Abstract

In this paper we study an extension of the Polynomial Calculus proof system where we can introduce new variables and take a square root. We prove that an instance of the subset-sum principle, the binary value principle, requires refutations of exponential bit size over rationals in this system. Part and Tzameret proved an exponential lower bound on the size of Res-Lin (Resolution over linear equations) refutations of the binary value principle. We show that our system p-simulates Res-Lin and thus we get an alternative exponential lower bound for the size of Res-Lin refutations of the binary value principle.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2010.05660,
  title  = {A Lower Bound for Polynomial Calculus with Extension Rule},
  author = {Yaroslav Alekseev},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.05660},
  year   = {2020}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-23T19:16:33.616Z