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Medical imaging has served as primary proving ground for clinical artificial intelligence (AI), yet a decade of intense research has not translated into proportionate bedside impact. We argue that this gap is not primarily a product of…
Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) is a robust framework for uncertainty quantification, yet its $O(n^3)$ complexity limits its scalability. Low-rank Nystr\"om approximations can reduce this burden to $O(nm^2)$, but their accuracy depends…
Ensemble-averaged models of polydisperse bubbly flows require statistics of the evolving bubble population. Prior quadrature-based moment formulations close bubble pressure with a polytropic relation that omits heat and mass transfer at the…
It is a famous property that a longitude of a classical knot lies in the second commutator subgroup of the knot group. We observe that the same property holds for a longitude of a virtual knot.
We present a comprehensive first-principles investigation of all symmetrically inequivalent low-index surfaces of $\beta$-Ga$_2$O$_3$, examining their structural properties and thermodynamic stability across experimentally relevant growth…
This paper concerns a variational system of nonlinear elliptic equations that generalizes the classical Brezis-Nirenberg problem. In addition to considering vector-valued unknown functions in place of scalar-valued unknown functions, the…
Good action rankings do not make a contrastive critic safe to maximize. These critics increasingly act as value-like objectives for best-of-$K$ selection, planning, and critic-guided generation. Unbounded bilinear scores can let large…
Intent classification is a core component of task-oriented dialogue systems, yet practitioners have limited systematic guidance for selecting deployable open-weight language models under compute, latency, and robustness constraints. We…
Humanity's Last Exam (HLE) is widely used to evaluate frontier language models. HLE organizes its questions into eight subject-domain categories, whose subscores are often interpreted as evidence of distinct capabilities. However, no study…
Ferrimagnetic Mn4N has recently emerged as a promising rare-earth-free platform for spintronic devices due to its low magnetization, high domain wall mobility, and strong anomalous Hall response. However, the realization of thin films with…
Long-term ship trajectory prediction is a fundamental capability for maritime safety and autonomous navigation. While recent Transformer-based architectures have improved forecasting horizons, they predominantly rely on historical kinematic…
This paper illustrates the straightforward application of the Faddeev--Jackiw approach to several non-Abelian gauge theories, namely, the Freedman--Townsend, Yang--Mills, and non-Abelian BF models, as well as a nonlinear theory of BF type.…
High-order numerical methods for conservation laws can generate spurious oscillations near discontinuities. We propose to suppress these oscillations by post-processing the numerical solution with a total variation (TV) denoising step that…
Recent advancements in inference-time scaling have significantly unlocked the complex reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models~(LLMs). However, for agents, these approaches suffer from a critical inefficiency, operating in a…
Modern astronomical surveys produce large volumes of imaging data together with highly accurate astrometric and photometric reference catalogues, creating a need for automated, robust, and instrument-independent reduction pipelines. We…
Cosmological analyses of Lyman-$\alpha$ forest clustering rely on either one-dimensional correlations along individual sightlines or three-dimensional correlations between different sightlines. Because these observables probe the matter…
The Lyman-$\alpha$ (Ly$\alpha$) forest has become a crucial probe for studying the large-scale structure of the universe at high redshift ($z > 2$), providing powerful constraints on Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) and the full-shape…
We present the validation of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Data Release 2 (DR2) Lyman-$\alpha$ (Ly$\alpha$) forest full-shape analysis. This analysis combines three-dimensional Ly$\alpha$ forest auto-correlations and…
We present Alcock-Paczy\'nski (AP) measurements from the full shape of Lyman-$\alpha$ (Ly$\alpha$) forest correlation functions measured from the second data release (DR2) of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). Our measurements…
Although coding agents have achieved impressive performance on correctness-oriented benchmarks, their ability to make behavior-preserving non-functional improvements (NFIs) remains underexplored. In real-world software development,…