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As search increasingly shifts toward LLM-driven answer engines, advertising is becoming embedded within the generated response itself and should therefore be evaluated for both user utility and commercial value. The key challenge is…

Motivated by the study of heterogeneous returns to education in Brand & Xie 2010, which considers how the effect of completing college on earnings varies with the (unknown) probability of completing college, we analyze the problem of…

We perform a thorough analysis of the eigenvalues of tetradiagonal Toeplitz matrices of large order $n$ generated by the Laurent polynomial $a(t)=t^2+t^{-1}$. The spectra of these matrices are invariant under $2\pi/3$-rotation. They are…

In recent decades, significant progress has been made in constructing and studying individual quantum systems based on two level atoms (molecules) and photons. Here we demonstrate that the quadruply bonded Mo2 unit, with a MoMo bond…

Making LLM-based generative recommendation models stronger and more personalized through natural language and explicit reasoning is a widely anticipated yet still unsolved goal. Such models cast recommendation as autoregressively generating…

Transient-stability assessment determines whether a power system can recover after a disturbance and is therefore essential to preventing generator trips and cascading outages. A key metric is the critical clearing time (CCT), which…

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has become the standard mechanism for fine-tuning large pretrained models, yet its statistical properties remain only partially understood. Existing generalization results provide upper bounds of the form…

Reduced density matrix functional theory (RDMFT) offers a route beyond Kohn-Sham density functional theory for strongly correlated systems, yet practical calculations for periodic solids are still out of reach. We formulate RDMFT for…

Survival analysis is widely used for analyzing time-to-event data, and often uncertainty quantification remains challenging in the presence of censoring, limited sample sizes, and heterogeneous populations. Existing Bayesian survival…

AI agents are moving into production workflows where they retrieve information, call tools, maintain state, and act on behalf of users or organizations, but many release decisions still rely on capability signals, demos, or behavioral tests…

We prove an improved restricted isometry bound for Gaussian partial circulant matrices with arbitrary prescribed sampling sets. There is a universal constant $C>0$ such that the following holds. Let $1\leq K\leq m\leq N$ be positive…

(abridged) Aims: To characterize variability-selected AGN candidates within the eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS), leveraging the synergy between optical variability and deep X-ray observations by SRG (Spectrum Roentgen…

Merge conflicts are a recurring cost of collaborative software development, and the traditional structured and semi-structured merge tools that address them frequently abstain: when their heuristics do not apply, they leave the conflict…

We establish a quantitative Landis estimate for the one-dimensional fractional Schr\"odinger equation $(-\Delta)^{1/4}u+V(x)u=0$ in $\mathbb R$ with a real-valued bounded potential. If $\|V\|_{L^\infty}\le 1$, $\|u\|_{L^\infty}\le C_0$, and…

Let $G=\operatorname{SmallGroup}(128,859)$ and let $k=\overline{\mathbb{F}}_2$. The ring $H^*(G;k)$ has depth two, although every associated prime has quotient dimension at least three. We isolate the mechanism behind this failure of…

The majority of the recently-developed models for automated essay scoring (AES) are evaluated solely on the ASAP corpus. However, ASAP is not without its limitations. For instance, it is not clear whether models trained on ASAP can…

Jigsaw puzzle solving requires jointly reasoning about visual content and geometric constraints, yet existing benchmarks use rectangular cuts that create ambiguous ground truth in texture-repeated regions. We introduce \textit{\ours{}}, a…

Causal mediation analysis serves as a key tool for uncovering the mediating mechanisms linking treatments to outcomes. Existing methods for mediation analysis with multiple mediators typically assume complete observations or…

We develop a formalism for studying Floquet dynamics for systems with {\it non-relativistic} conformal invariance in $d$ spatial dimensions. Our analysis indicates the existence of two dynamical phases, hyperbolic and elliptic, separated by…

Reliable deployment of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) requires deciding whether a confident visual answer should be trusted, reviewed, or routed to a stronger system. Confidence scores capture candidate margins, but not where the…