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High-energy neutrinos arise from processes at large center-of-mass energies, offering a window to test physics at comparable scales or beyond those accessible in collider experiments on Earth. Here, we present a recipe for extracting…

User modeling is a critical task in a variety of personalized systems. Recognizing their effectiveness in learning from graph-structured data, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), particularly Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs), are increasingly…

Let $k$ be an algebraically closed, complete non-Archimedean field of residue characteristic $0$. Let $f$ be a polynomial of degree at least $2$ over $k$ which does not have potential good reduction. We prove that if $g$ is any other…

We define kappa classes on KSBA moduli stacks as classes in operational Chow cohomology. They generalize the Miller-Morita-Mumford classes on the moduli spaces of curves. We prove base-change compatibility, product and normalization…

For a class of superlinear SPDEs driven by multiplicative noise, we prove an (essentially) sharp uniform-in-time (UIT) weak convergence rate for the nonlinearity-explicit Galerkin tamed Euler method (GTEM). Under standard monotonicity…

For any group $\Gamma$ and any free factor system~$\mathscr A$ of $\Gamma$, the relative outer automorphism group $\text{Out}(\Gamma;\mathscr A)$ acts naturally on the relative free splitting complex $\mathcal{F\!S}(\Gamma;\mathscr A)$ and…

Efficient acceleration of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on resource-constrained platforms remains challenging due to the irregularity of sparsity patterns and the associated hardware overhead. While unstructured sparsity offers high…

In this paper, we study the Hardy-H\'{e}non parabolic equation \begin{equation*} \partial_t u=\Delta u+a|x|^{-\gamma}|u|^{\beta}u, \qquad t>0,\; x\in\mathbb{R}^{n}\setminus\{0\}, \quad \beta>0,\; a\in\mathbb{R}, \end{equation*} under…

Memory safety errors remain the dominant source of severe vulnerabilities in C and C++. Pointer-based sanitizers provide stronger guarantees than location-based tools such as LLVM's ASan, but their overhead and compatibility limitations…

We investigate the buckling of axially compressed cylindrical shells containing localized defects, focusing on interactions among multiple defects and between them and the shell edges. Using high-fidelity finite-element simulations, we…

We present a semi-analytical framework for the halo mass function (HMF) in decaying dark matter (DDM) cosmologies, in which dark matter decays into a massive daughter particle inheriting a velocity kick $v_k$ and a massless dark radiation…

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable multilingual fluency, their internal knowledge representations remain disproportionately biased toward high-resource languages. This leads to cross-lingual factual inconsistency,…

We develop a theoretical framework based on the Dynamical Projective Operatorial Approach (DPOA) to study the time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES) of pumped excitonic systems. Including Coulomb electron-electron…

Real-fluid thermodynamic property evaluation is a major computational cost in supercritical combustion simulations. In the enthalpy-based pressure-correction formulation, the closure evaluates temperature T, density $\rho$, and…

We consider the design of optimal fixed-step first-order methods for $M$-Lipschitz convex optimization given $\|x_0-x_\star\|\leq D$. Prior works have identified several distinct fixed-step methods, parameterized by a matrix of stepsizes…

Localised surface deformation beneath frictional contacts generates a tribolayer whose microstructure and properties differ from the bulk. In austenitic stainless steels, this tribolayer forms through two competing martensitic…

Agentic Reasoning has become a transformative force in financial analysis due to its ability to integrate large-scale information and generate reliable and accurate content. However, when handling complex real-world problems, different…

Designing small molecule ligands that bind with high affinity to specific protein pockets is a fundamental goal in drug discovery, as small molecules constitute a major fraction of approved therapeutics. Recent breakthroughs in structure…

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time will produce a high-volume stream of irregularly sampled multiband alerts for which spectroscopic confirmation will be available only for a small minority of sources. Tidal…

Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to infer other's beliefs, intentions, and states of knowledge, is central to social interaction, yet remains challenging for current Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), especially in multi-party…