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Leader-based BFT protocols finalize through their leaders: a view whose leader is crashed or slow finalizes nothing, and the timeout that ends it admits no good setting. A conservative timeout turns every crashed leader into a long stall;…

Complex structured reasoning tasks often require additional computation, yet current language models obtain it mainly by increasing parameter scale or by serializing intermediate steps as chain-of-thought (CoT) tokens. The former raises…

Autonomous Network Levels 4-5 require AI agents to invoke tools across vendor boundaries without human oversight, yet existing management standards lack a standardized mechanism for cross-vendor trust visibility. When a tool from Vendor B…

Context. Overall, $\gamma$ Cas analogues represent a class of OBe stars displaying bright and hard X-ray emission. This emission was recently determined to be the result of accretion onto a companion white dwarf (WD), which might possibly…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown strong potential for general robot manipulation, but most existing models rely on 2D visual-language backbones and lack fine-grained 3D understanding of target objects, especially under…

Annotation is among the most demanding visualization tasks to automate, as it simultaneously requires correctly navigating visual, semantic, and stylistic constraints. Failure to meet any of these conditions severely undermines the utility…

A nonnegative integer $n$ is $d$-translated unit sensitive when appending $d$ zeros to the right of the number and changing the unit digit to any possible unit digit (so long as the resulting number is not $n$) results in a composite…

We propose doping $SU(3)$-symmetric spin liquids as a route toward charge-$6e$ superconductivity. This generalizes the idea of constructing charge-$4e$ superconductivity from doped $SU(4)$-symmetric phases. As a concrete platform, we study…

The excess energy, entropy, and pressure of a strongly coupled Yukawa fluid are calculated from the variational approach using the fluid of hard spheres as a reference system. As in the case of the one-component plasma, the Percus-Yevick…

Activation steering controls model behavior by editing internal activations at inference time. We study its input-side dual: optimizing a fluent prompt so that a chosen internal latent is driven toward zero, with no inference-time model…

We investigate large solutions of linear and semi-linear equations involving the fractional Laplacian on domains that are becoming unbounded in some, but not all, directions. Solutions that blow up on the boundary of a domain are commonly…

We illustrate in several examples that even neural networks of infinite width (specifically, Barron functions) may encounter substantial obstacles when used as a model class for problems in the calculus of variations. An instance of…

Graphical user interface task evaluation aims to determine whether a GUI agent has successfully completed a user instruction. Automated GUI task evaluation has received increasing attention because the evaluation results can serve as reward…

Automatic analysis of multimodal speech has shown strong potential for computationally detecting and monitoring a wide range of neurological, psychiatric, and respiratory conditions. However, progress in this field is limited by existing…

The stochastic dynamics of interacting particles far from equilibrium remains a fundamental challenge in statistical physics. While reciprocal interactions often permit effective one-body descriptions, such reductions generally fail for…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) can convert multimodal item content into structured descriptions used as semantic features for recommendation. Conventional content-only generation, however, cannot use downstream user signals to…

We generalize the Abramsky--Brandenburger sheaf-theoretic treatment of contextuality by replacing probability distributions with distributions valued in a convex effect algebra \(A\). This yields a notion of \(A\)-valued measurement model…

Determining whether multiple record-conditioned quantum descriptions admit a single underlying process is a central consistency problem for quantum states over spacetime (QSOSTs) and relational quantum descriptions. Yet causally agnostic…

In the present work, we explore the self-focusing and resulting collapse of two-dimensional waveforms involving multiple pulses in a nonlinear Schroedinger equation with a general power-law nonlinearity. We find that a wide range of…

Despite the variability in gene regulation and environmental conditions, development of an organism occurs through a sequence of highly coordinated patterning processes. Cells integrate different signals to accurately infer their position…