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We study the skew product systems $T: \mathbb{S}^1\times\mathbb{R}^d \to \mathbb{S}^1 \times\mathbb{R}^d$, \begin{equation*} T(x,y)=(\ell x, A y+\phi(x)), \end{equation*} where $\ell\geq 2,$ $A \in GL_d(\mathbb{R})$ with $\rho(A)<1$, and…
We present a linear time approximation algorithm of the total variation distance between two product distributions. The main algorithm was found using ChatGPT 5.6 Sol Ultra.
Anterior eye segment (AES) segmentation is a key component of both ocular biometrics and emerging clinical image analysis applications. However, heterogeneous acquisition conditions and limited annotations in medical settings hinder the…
In this work, we investigate the problem of electromagnetic angular momentum within the framework of topological materials, described by axion electrodynamics. Specifically, we calculate the electromagnetic angular momentum for a spherical…
This paper presents the North Carolina Transitional Autonomous Vehicle Lane-Changing (NC-tALC) dataset and uses it to characterize mandatory lane-changing behavior of transitional automated vehicles (tAVs). It quantifies the evolution of…
Scientific images are the core elements of presenting experimental conclusions, elaborating system architecture, and supporting comparative arguments in scientific papers. However, existing image quality assessment (IQA) methods are…
As LLM agents increasingly depend on diverse external services such as search engines, databases, and connectors, agent harnesses face a fundamental tool-selection challenge: acquiring too few tools leaves the task under-informed, while too…
We study an interval-activation frog model on \(\mathbb Z\) with i.i.d.\ initial numbers of frogs \((\eta_x)_{x\in\mathbb Z}\), satisfying \(0<\mathbb{E}[\eta_0]<\infty\). Frogs at the origin are initially active and all others are…
Fine-tuning is the dominant paradigm for specializing large language models (LLMs), yet it exposes a critical vulnerability: malicious data providers can embed harmful behaviors into downstream corpora, creating models that retain…
Memory systems allow agents to retain and reuse information from past interactions, but they can also let malicious content persist. A malicious instruction crafted by an attacker may be stored in long-term memory, recalled much later, and…
Liquid Crystal elastomers (LCEs) deform anisotropically along a prescribed nematic director field, making them promising candidates for programmable shape change. Existing studies have primarily focused on either director patterns on flat…
In this paper, we formulate three communication tasks for empirical optimal transport: distributed coupling sampling, cost-evaluable coupling output, and scalar value-certified sampling. Our main result is a field-code compiler: any…
Energy-Based Models (EBMs) provide an interpretable framework for generative modeling of scientific data, but poor Markov Chain Monte Carlo mixing often limits their reliability. We introduce a training algorithm based on Parallel…
Continuous cuffless blood pressure (BP) monitoring remains challenging due to motion artifacts, physiological variability, and the limited robustness of conventional pulse transit time (PTT) models under dynamic conditions. Many prior…
We present an exact amplitude simulator for Clifford+T quantum circuits that combines a Feynman path sum across a balanced qubit bipartition with stabilizer-frame simulation on each half. The construction extends prior stabilizer-based…
Reactive programming frameworks such as React allow developers to build interactive applications by declaratively specifying how outputs depend on changing inputs. Although this model makes it easy to reason about what an application…
We study online convex optimization (OCO) in non-stationary environments under heavy-tailed noise, where the stochastic gradient oracle admits only a finite $p$-th central moment for some $p \in (1, 2]$. While static regret is…
We study singularity formation for the heat flow of harmonic maps from $\R^d$ into $\mathbb{S}^d$ in supercritical dimensions $d \in \{3,4,5,6\}$. It is well known that in each of these dimensions there exist infinitely many self-similar…
We study the asymptotic expansion of p-Green functions and their derivatives near the pole. In the Euclidean setting, we strengthen a theorem from [arXiv:2203.01206] by establishing improved integrability properties and estimates for the…
Do crypto perpetual-futures crashes carry a reproducible early-warning fingerprint of a critical transition, and in which state variable? We study seven major BTC liquidation cascades (2022-2025, including the record 19B USD event of 10…