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Modern integrated circuits (ICs) are becoming increasingly complex, making functional verification a major bottleneck. The dominant hardware formal verification methodology, model checking, verifies each design instance separately and…

Plant biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encode specialized-metabolite pathways, yet curated plant BGC labels remain scarce, hindering supervised discovery at genome scale. Existing plant BGC mining tools are largely signature- and…

We investigate magnetic breakdown near Van Hove singularities (VHSs) in the electron-doped rhombohedral tetralayer graphene, where chiral superconductivity has recently been reported. Using the noninteracting band structure and Kubo…

Topological data analysis (TDA) provides a powerful framework for extracting information about the shape of complex, unstructured data, but the classical cost of computing high dimensional topological features limits its application.…

Vision-language-action (VLA) models commonly adopt an LLM-centric $V \to L \to A$ pathway, where visual observations are projected into the representation space of a large language model before being decoded into robot actions. Although…

Modular quantum computing is a leading paradigm for scaling quantum computation beyond the resource limitations of monolithic devices. In this architecture, multiple quantum processing units (QPUs), employing identical or distinct qubit…

Pre-training followed by fine-tuning has become the dominant recipe for learning performant policies, and in value-based reinforcement learning (RL) this raises a natural question: given a pretrained policy, should the Q-function be…

Recently, a fit of charmless $B\to PP$ decays ($B \in \{B^0, B^+, B_s^0\}$, $P \in \{ \pi, K, \eta, \eta' \}$) to the latest data was performed under the assumption of flavour SU(3) symmetry [SU(3)$_F$]. It was found that there is a…

World models enable a predictive substrate for planning and action, yet existing formulations merely answer a physical question: what/where it is, and how will it evolve. Human behavior, however, is driven by hidden mental state (what a…

Flat-band materials host rich collective phenomena, yet a complete theory of their signatures in inelastic light scattering remains lacking. While naive theories of interacting flat bands would predict that Raman scattering vertices vanish…

For a finite nonempty subset $A$ of an abelian group, let $\sigma(A)=|A+A|/|A|$ and $\delta(A)=|A-A|/|A|$. The classical sum-difference inequalities state that $$\sigma(A)^{1/2}\leq\delta(A)\leq\sigma(A)^2.$$ The exponent $2$ in the second…

We prove a conjecture of Regts and Sevenster: a complex-valued graph parameter $f$ with $f(\varnothing)=1$ has exponentially bounded edge-connection rank if and only if it is a mixed partition function; moreover, the model may be chosen…

We exhibit a configuration of five point charges in Euclidean space whose electrostatic potential admits at least 24 critical points all of which are non-degenerate. Maxwell's conjecture that the field of \(n\) point charges has at most…

We present a novel approach to regression tasks using classification which is motivated by the mechanism used by fruitflies to sense their environment. Specifically, we formulate a general framework for learning nonlinear input-output…

The manipulation of quantum entanglement is fundamentally irreversible: some mixed entangled states require pure entanglement for their preparation, although no pure entanglement can be recovered from them by local operations and classical…

Accurately recovering the camera's calibration and metric poses for any unconstrained video would unlock large-scale training data for navigation and scene understanding. The dominant approaches to this problem are severely limited:…

Chain inflation offers an alternative to standard slow-roll dynamics, with accelerated expansion proceeding through a sequence of rapid quantum tunneling events between metastable vacua. At the high energy scales relevant for the early…

Digital twins for health may be used to compare treatments, project patient trajectories, and support clinical decisions. While related to mechanical digital twins, those initially developed for engineering applications, replicating the…

Forecasts of explosive AI progress hinge on AI agents automating AI research. But evidence on whether agents can carry out open-ended AI research is thin. Current evaluations either test agents on narrow, verifiable tasks, which excludes…

Axions and axion-like particles are a compelling candidate for physics beyond the standard model. While many axion searches are focused on the linear coupling to photons $\theta F \tilde{F}$, the possibility of a quadratic coupling to the…