Related papers: Mathematical Inconsistencies in Dirac Field Theory
In order for Dirac theory to be gauge invariant it can be shown that the Schwinger term must be zero. However, it can also be shown that for the vacuum state to be the lowest energy state the Schwinger term must be nonzero. Therefore there…
Quantum field theory is assumed to be gauge invariant. It is shown that for a Dirac field the assumption of gauge invariance impacts on the way the vacuum state is defined. It is shown that the conventional definition of the vacuum state…
Quantum field theory is assumed to be gauge invariant. However it is well known that when certain quantities are calculated using perturbation theory the results are not gauge invariant. The non-gauge invariant terms have to be removed in…
Several complications arise in quantum field theory because of the infinite many degrees of freedom. However, the distinction between one-particle and many-particle effects -- mainly induced by the vacuum -- is not clear up to now. A field…
Self-consistent Hamiltonian formulation of scalar theory on the null plane is constructed following Dirac method. The theory contains also {\it constraint equations}. They would give, if solved, to a nonlinear and nonlocal Hamiltonian. The…
A mathematically rigorous Hamiltonian formulation for classical and quantum field theories is given. New results include clarifications of the structure of linear fields, and a plausible formulation for nonlinear fields. Many mathematical…
Promoting a theory with a finite number of terms into an effective field theory with an infinite number of terms worsens simplicity, predictability, falsifiability, and other attributes often favored in theory choice. However, the…
Complex numbers are basic. An inconsistency would question Wigner's unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics. A vehicle to study this question is Kirchoff's scalar diffraction theory. In the paper, an inconsistency in complex phase angle…
We consider how the principles of causality and equivalence restrict the background in which matter field theories are defined; those constraints develop in restrictions for these matter field theories: the simplest matter field theory…
Quantum theory is formulated as the uniquely consistent way to manipulate probability amplitudes. The crucial ingredient is a consistency constraint: if the amplitude of a quantum process can be computed in two different ways, the two…
Dirac's hole theory and quantum field theory are usually considered equivalent to each other. For models of a certain type, however, the equivalence may not hold as we discuss in this Letter. This problem is closely related to the validity…
According to Dirac's theory of the positron, an electromagnetic field tends to create pairs of particles which leads to a change of Maxwell's equations in the vacuum. These changes are calculated in the special case that no real electrons…
Dirac's hole theory and quantum field theory are generally considered to be equivalent to each other. However, it has recently been shown that this is not necessarily the case. In this article we will discuss the reason for this lack of…
Quantum field theory is assumed to be gauge invariant. However it is well known that when certain quantities are calculated using perturbation theory the results are not gauge invariant. The non-gauge invariant terms have to be removed in…
Quantum theory in its conventional formulation is notoriously subject to various measurement-related paradoxes, as exemplified by the "Schrodinger's Cat" and "Wigner's Friend" thought experiments. It has been shown, for example by…
We reveal a contradiction in measure-theoretic probability. The contradiction is an "equation" $1/2 = 0$ with its two sides representing probabilities. Unlike known paradoxes in mathematics, the revealed contradiction cannot be explained…
Quantum theory is formulated as the only consistent way to manipulate probability amplitudes. The crucial ingredient is a consistency constraint: if there are two different ways to compute an amplitude the two answers must agree. This…
From an inconsistent database non-trivial arguments may be constructed both for a proposition, and for the contrary of that proposition. Therefore, inconsistency in a logical database causes uncertainty about which conclusions to accept.…
Recently, it has been stated that single-world interpretations of quantum theory are logically inconsistent. The claim is derived from contradicting statements of agents in a setup combining two Wigner's-friend experiments. Those statements…
We report an inconsistency found in probability theory (also referred to as measure-theoretic probability). For probability measures induced by real-valued random variables, we deduce an "equality" such that one side of the "equality" is a…