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Recent work has extended Bell's theorem by quantifying the amount of communication required to simulate entangled quantum systems with classical information. The general scenario is that a bipartite measurement is given from a set of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Serge Massar , Dave Bacon , Nicolas Cerf , Richard Cleve

Bell's theorem states that Local Hidden Variables (LHVs) cannot fully explain the statistics of measurements on some entangled quantum states. It is natural to ask how much supplementary classical communication would be needed to simulate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-25 Peter Sidajaya , Aloysius Dewen Lim , Baichu Yu , Valerio Scarani

What classical resources are required to simulate quantum correlations? For the simplest and most important case of local projective measurements on an entangled Bell pair state, we show that exact simulation is possible using local hidden…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 B. F. Toner , D. Bacon

Suppose Alice and Bob share a maximally entangled state of any finite dimension and each perform two-outcome measurements on the respective part of the state. It is known, due to the recent result of Regev and Toner, that if a classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 T. Vértesi , E. Bene

According to Bell's theorem, certain entangled states cannot be simulated classically using local hidden variables (LHV). But if can we augment LHV by classical communication, how many bits are needed to simulate them? There is a strong…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-02 István Márton , Erika Bene , Péter Diviánszky , Tamás Vértesi

Bell's theorem implies that the outcomes of local measurements on two maximally entangled systems cannot be simulated without classical communication between the parties. The communication cost is finite for n Bell states, but it grows…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-17 Alberto Montina

As a consequence of Bell's theorem, the statistics of measurements on some entangled states cannot be simulated with local hidden variables alone. The amount of communication that must be supplied is an intuitive quantifier of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-17 Peter Sidajaya , Valerio Scarani

In this paper we consider the following question: how many bits of classical communication and shared random bits are necessary to simulate a quantum protocol involving Alice and Bob where they share k entangled quantum bits and do not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Allison Coates

We show that there exist bipartite quantum states which contain large hidden classical correlation that can be unlocked by a disproportionately small amount of classical communication. In particular, there are $(2n+1)$-qubit states for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 David DiVincenzo , Michal Horodecki , Debbie Leung , John Smolin , Barbara Terhal

Quantum steering is observed when performing appropriate local measurements on an entangled state. Here we discuss the possibility of simulating classically this effect, using classical communication instead of entanglement. We show that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-14 Ana Belén Sainz , Leandro Aolita , Nicolas Brunner , Rodrigo Gallego , Paul Skrzypczyk

We present a protocol to simulate the quantum correlations of an arbitrary bipartite state, when the parties perform a measurement according to two traceless binary observables. We show that $\log(d)$ bits of classical communication is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Julien Degorre , Sophie Laplante , Jérémie Roland

We initiate the study of quantifying nonlocalness of a bipartite measurement by the minimum amount of classical communication required to simulate the measurement. We derive general upper bounds, which are expressed in terms of certain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-04 Yaoyun Shi , Yufan Zhu

We study the prepare-and-measure scenario in which Alice transmits a quantum system to Bob, who then performs a quantum measurement. The quantum state of the system is unknown to Bob, and the measurement is unknown to Alice. It has recently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Sebastian Schlösser , Matthias Kleinmann

We show that any classical two-way communication protocol with shared randomness that can approximately simulate the result of applying an arbitrary measurement (held by one party) to a quantum state of $n$ qubits (held by another), up to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-03 Ashley Montanaro

Entanglement appears in two different ways in quantum mechanics, namely as a property of states and as a property of measurement outcomes in joint measurements. By combining these two aspects of entanglement, it is possible to generate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-09-26 Nicolas Brunner , Cyril Branciard , Nicolas Gisin , Denis Rosset

We consider general prepare-and-measure scenarios in which Alice can transmit qubit states to Bob, who can perform general measurements in the form of positive operator-valued measures (POVMs). We show that the statistics obtained in any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-29 Martin J. Renner , Armin Tavakoli , Marco Túlio Quintino

Dense coding is the seminal example of how entanglement can boost qubit communication, from sending one bit to sending two bits. This is made possible by projecting separate particles onto a maximally entangled basis. We investigate more…

Simulation tasks are insightful tools to compare information-theoretic resources. Considering a generalization of usual Bell scenarios where external quantum inputs are provided to the parties, we show that any entangled quantum state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-06 Denis Rosset , Cyril Branciard , Nicolas Gisin , Yeong-Cherng Liang

What is the communication cost of simulating the correlations produced by quantum theory? We generalize Bell inequalities to the setting of local realistic theories augmented by a fixed amount of classical communication. Suppose two parties…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 D. Bacon , B. F. Toner

The communication cost of simulating probability distributions obtained by measuring quantum states is a natural way to quantify quantum non-locality. While much is known in the case of bipartite entanglement, little has been done in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-12-16 Gilles Brassard , Marc Kaplan
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