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We describe a novel tool for the quantum characterization of optical devices. The experimental setup involves a stable reference state that undergoes an unknown quantum transformation and is then revealed by balanced homodyne detection.…

Full reconstruction of quantum states from measurement samples is often a prohibitively complex task, both in terms of the experimental setup and the scaling of the sample size with the system. This motivates the relatively easier task of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-04 Clara Wassner , Jack Davis , Sacha Cerf , Ulysse Chabaud , Francesco Arzani

Although nonclassical quantum states are important both conceptually and as a resource for quantum technology, it is often difficult to test whether a given quantum system displays nonclassicality. A simple method to certify nonclassicality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-09 T. Kiesel , W. Vogel , S. L. Christensen , J. -B. Béguin , J. Appel , E. S. Polzik

This review covers latest developments in continuous-variable quantum-state tomography of optical fields and photons, placing a special accent on its practical aspects and applications in quantum information technology. Optical homodyne…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 A. I. Lvovsky , M. G. Raymer

The optimal discrimination of non-orthogonal quantum states with minimum error probability is a fundamental task in quantum measurement theory as well as an important primitive in optical communication. In this work, we propose and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 C. Wittmann , M. Takeoka , K. N. Cassemiro , M. Sasaki , G. Leuchs , U. L. Andersen

We derive a theoretical framework for the experimental certification of non-Gaussian features of quantum states using double homodyne detection. We rank experimental non-Gaussian states according to the recently defined stellar hierarchy…

We address the problem of measuring nonclassicality in continuous-variable bosonic systems without having access to a known reference signal. To this end, we construct broader classes of criteria for nonclassicality which allow us to…

Quantum non-Gaussian states represent an important class of highly non-classical states whose preparation requires quantum operations or measurements beyond the class of Gaussian operations and statistical mixing. Here we derive criteria…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-21 Jaromír Fiurášek , Lukáš Lachman , Radim Filip

Shadow tomography is a framework for constructing succinct descriptions of quantum states using randomized measurement bases, called classical shadows, with powerful methods to bound the estimators used. We recast existing experimental…

We describe a new scheme for the measurement of mean photon flux at an arbitrary optical sideband frequency using homodyne detection. Experimental implementation of the technique requires an AOM in addition to the homodyne detector, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 J. G. Webb , T. C. Ralph , E. H. Huntington

In spite of its fundamental importance in quantum science and technology, the experimental certification of nonclassicality is still a challenging task, especially in realistic scenarios where losses and noise imbue the system. Here, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-29 Nicola Biagi , Martin Bohmann , Elizabeth Agudelo , Marco Bellini , Alessandro Zavatta

Measures of quantum properties are essential to understanding the fundamental differences between quantum and classical systems as well as quantifying resources for quantum technologies. Here two broad classes of bosonic phase-space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-11 Benjamin Kühn , Werner Vogel , Valérian Thiel , Sofiane Merkouche , Brian J. Smith

We implement a direct detection scheme based on hybrid photodetectors to experimentally investigate high-order correlations for detected photons by means of quantities that can be experimentally accessed. We show their usefulness in fully…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-20 Alessia Allevi , Stefano Olivares , Maria Bondani

The reliable quantification of nonclassicality in quantum states under realistic decoherence remains a central challenge in advancing quantum technologies. Conventional quantifiers such as Wigner negativity, Mandel's $Q$-parameter,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 K. M. Athira , M. J. Neethu , M. Rohith

Optical homodyne detection has found use in a range of quantum technologies as both a characterisation tool and as a way to post-selectively generate non-linearities. So far optical implementations have been limited to bulk optics. Here we…

The lack of information obtained from informationally incomplete quantum measurements can prevent the detection of quantum resources, such as optical nonclassicality. We develop a technique that overcomes this limitation for single-mode…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-07 V. S. Kovtoniuk , A. B. Klimov , A. A. Semenov

Based on the measurement of quantum correlation functions, the quantum statistical properties of spectral measurements are studied for broadband radiation fields. The spectral filtering of light before its detection is compared with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-15 P. Grünwald , D. Vasylyev , J. Häggblad , W. Vogel

Nonclassicality, defined in the quantum optical sense, serves as a resource for photon-based quantum technologies. Therefore, certifying the nonclassicality of a quantum state is crucial for gauging its potential for quantum advantage.…

In this work we develop new methods for the characterisation of continuous variable quantum states using heterodyne measurement in both the trusted and untrusted settings. First, building on quantum state tomography with heterodyne…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-09 Ulysse Chabaud , Tom Douce , Frédéric Grosshans , Elham Kashefi , Damian Markham

We experimentally demonstrate that a non-classical state prepared in an atomic memory can be efficiently transferred to a single mode of free-propagating light. By retrieving on demand a single excitation from a cold atomic gas, we realize…