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In this paper we re-investigate the core of Schroedinger's 'cat paradox'. We argue that one has to distinguish clearly between superpositions of macroscopic cat states and superpositions of entangled states which comprise both the state of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 S. Rinner , E. Werner

We consider fundamental limits on the detectable size of macroscopic quantum superpositions. We argue that a full quantum mechanical treatment of system plus measurement device is required, and that a (classical) reference frame for phase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-27 M. Skotiniotis , W. Dür , P. Sekatski

I present a general scheme through which the evidence of a superposition involving distinct classical-like states of a macroscopic system can be probed. The scheme relies on a qubit being coupled to a macroscopic harmonic oscillator in such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Sougato Bose

Continuous quantum error correction has been found to have certain advantages over discrete quantum error correction, such as a reduction in hardware resources and the elimination of error mechanisms introduced by having entangling gates…

Quantum computing can become scalable through error correction, but logical error rates only decrease with system size when physical errors are sufficiently uncorrelated. During computation, unused high energy levels of the qubits can…

We investigate the time evolution of a superposition of macroscopically distinct quantum states in a system of two-level atoms interacting with a thermal environment of photon modes. We show that the atomic coherent states are robust…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Peter Foldi , Attila Czirjak , Mihaly G. Benedict

Dissipative stabilization of cat qubits autonomously corrects for bit flip errors by ensuring that reservoir-engineered two-photon losses dominate over other mechanisms inducing phase flip errors. To describe the latter, we derive an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-06 Léon Carde , Pierre Rouchon , Joachim Cohen , Alexandru Petrescu

We suggest a nanoelectromechanical setup that generates properly entangled ancillary ("ancilla") qubits for error correction algorithms in quantum computing, demonstrated as an encoder for the three-qubit bit flip code. The setup is based…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-04-23 Danko Radić , Leonid Y. Gorelik , Sergei I. Kulinich , Robert I. Shekhter

Cat states, as an important resource in the study of macroscopic quantum superposition and quantum information applications, have garnered widespread attention. To date, preparing large-sized optical cat states has remained challenging. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 Zheng-Hong Li , Fei Yu , Zhen-Ya Li , M. Al-Amri , M. Suhail Zubairy

Quantum non-Gaussian states are crucial for the fundamental understanding of non-linear bosonic systems and simultaneously advanced applications in quantum technologies. In many bosonic experiments the important quantum non-Gaussian feature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Jan Provazník , Petr Marek , Julien Laurat , Radim Filip

Quantum error correction was invented to allow for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Systems with topological order turned out to give a natural physical realization of quantum error correcting codes (QECC) in their groundspaces. More…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-17 Fernando G. S. L. Brandao , Elizabeth Crosson , M. Burak Şahinoğlu , John Bowen

Experimental progress with meso- and macroscopic quantum states (i.e., general Schrodinger-cat states) was recently accompanied by theoretical proposals on how to measure the merit of these efforts. So far, experiment and theory were…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-21 Florian Fröwis

During the past decade, the experimental development of being able to create ever larger and heavier quantum superpositions has brought the discussion of the connection between microscopic quantum mechanics and macroscopic classical physics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-29 Jasper van Wezel

We demonstrate a quantum error correction scheme that protects against accidental measurement, using an encoding where the logical state of a single qubit is encoded into two physical qubits using a non-deterministic photonic CNOT gate. For…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 J. L. O'Brien , G. J. Pryde , A. G. White , T. C. Ralph

We construct new families of multi-error-correcting quantum codes for the amplitude damping channel. Our key observation is that, with proper encoding, two uses of the amplitude damping channel simulate a quantum erasure channel. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-31 Runyao Duan , Markus Grassl , Zhengfeng Ji , Bei Zeng

Decoherence errors arising from noisy environments remain a central obstacle to progress in quantum computation and information processing. Quantum error correction (QEC) based on the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) protocol offers a…

We present an extension of the Evolving density matrices on Qubits (E$\rho$OQ) framework that enables efficient fault-tolerant preparation of fermionic quantum states. The original method circumvents state preparation by stochastic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Erik J. Gustafson , Henry Lamm

The manuscript investigates the entropy squeezing of a qubit (two-level atom) interacting with the cavity field in the Schr\"odinger cat states. The effects of the Schr\"odinger cat states of the field on the squeezing are examined. Our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-25 Wei-Guang Wang , Xue-Qun Yan , Jiu-Ming LI

This paper reviews and suggests a resolution of the problem of definite outcomes of measurement. This problem, also known as "Schrodinger's cat," has long posed an apparent paradox because the state resulting from a measurement appears to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-14 Art Hobson

We present a method to systematically identify and classify quantum optical non-classical states as classical/non-classical based on the resources they create on a bosonic quantum computer. This is achieved by converting arbitrary bosonic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-31 Eloi Descamps , Nicolas Fabre , Astghik Saharyan , Arne Keller , Pérola Milman