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In the theory of the Dirac equation and in the standard model, the neutrino is massless. Both these theories use Lorentz invariance. In modern approaches however, spacetime is no longer smooth, and this modifies special relativity. We show…

General Physics · Physics 2017-12-29 Burra G. Sidharth

Recently, we showed that that band as well as line spectra, reveal a left-right symmetry in 4- and 2-fermion systems. We now show how a mass-conjugation explains the difference between atom- and antiatom-states in a stable 2-unit charge…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. Van Hooydonk

We show that a charged sphere moving at a constant velocity $v$ exhibits a mass due to electromagnetic radiation, expressed as $4/(3+(v/c)^2) (E/c^2)$, where $E$ is the electromagnetic energy and $c$ the speed of light in vacuum. Our…

General Physics · Physics 2024-05-02 Qasem Exirifard , Alessio D'Errico , Ebrahim Karimi

While the numerical value of the speed of light is known with extraordinary precision, its theoretical definition remains a subject of fundamental interest. We show that the definition of mass and velocity of light follow from the conserved…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-17 Volodimir Simulik , Denys I. Bondar

Exploring physics beyond General Relativity and the Standard Model of Particle Physics involves investigating spacetime variations in natural constants. This study employs an $H_2$-single of QSO 0347-383 observational spectrum to propose a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-09 T. D. Le

We analyze the effect of a variation of the strange nucleon matrix element $\langle N| m_s \bar{s}s|N\rangle$ on the abundances of the light elements produced in the Big Bang. For that, we vary the nucleon mass in the leading eight…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-02-24 Ulf-G. Meißner , Bernard Metsch , Helen Meyer

That the laws of physics are the same at all times and places throughout the Universe is one of the basic assumptions of physics. Astronomical observations provide the only means to test this basic assumption on cosmological time and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-10 Xi Chen , Simon P. Ellingsen , Ying Mei

We obtain the following analytical formula which describes the dependence of the electric potential of a point-like charge on the distance away from it in the direction of an external magnetic field B: \Phi(z) = e/|z| [ 1-…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-03-02 Bruno Machet , M. I. Vysotsky

The existence and stability of atoms rely on the fact that neutrons are more massive than protons. The measured mass difference is only 0.14\% of the average of the two masses. A slightly smaller or larger value would have led to a…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2015-04-08 Sz. Borsanyi , S. Durr , Z. Fodor , C. Hoelbling , S. D. Katz , S. Krieg , L. Lellouch , T. Lippert , A. Portelli , K. K. Szabo , B. C. Toth

The visible universe - it is the universe of nucleons and electrons. The appearance of nucleon mass is caused by the violation of chiral symmetry in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). For this reason, the experiments on high energy accelerators…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 B. L. Ioffe

Einstein's relativity theory appears to be very accurate, but at times equally puzzling. On the one hand, electromagnetic radiation must have zero rest mass in order to propagate at the speed of light, but on the other hand, since it…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2015-08-27 M. B. van der Mark , G. W. 't Hooft

If the information transfer between test particle and holographic screen in entropic gravity respects both the uncertainty principle and causality, a lower limit on the number of bits in the universe relative to its mass may be derived.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-17 J. R. Mureika , R. B. Mann

The apparent dominance of matter over antimatter in our universe is an obvious and puzzling fact which cannot be adequately explained in present physical frameworks that assume matter-antimatter symmetry at the big bang. However, our…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-04-20 Lorenz Willmann , Klaus Jungmann

Astrophysical observations indicate a time variation of the proton-electron mass ratio and of the fine-structure constant. We discuss this phenomenon in models of Grand Unification. In these models a time variation of the fine-structure…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-12-17 Xavier Calmet , Harald Fritzsch

The possibility of variations of the values of fundamental constants is a phenomenon predicted by a number of scenarios beyond General Relativity. This can happen if ``our'' fundamental constants are not the actual constants of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-12 Cosimo Bambi

The Rutherford planetary model of a proton-electron atom is modified. Besides the Coulomb interaction of the point electron with the proton, its strong Coulomb interaction with the physical vacuum as well as the magnetic interaction between…

General Physics · Physics 2011-04-18 R. Fedaruk

Semiclassical oscillation of the electron through the nucleus of the H atom yields both the exact energy and the correct orbital angular momentum for l=0 quantum states. Similarly, electron oscillation through the nuclei of H2+ accounts for…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Manfred Bucher

The Standard Model of particle physics assumes that the so-called fundamental constants are universal and unchanging. Absorption lines arising in molecular clouds along quasar sightlines offer a precise test for variations in the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-08-18 Michael T. Murphy , Victor V. Flambaum , Sebastien Muller , Christian Henkel

The anomalous bump in the cosmic ray positron to electron ratio at $10 GeV$ can be explained as being a component from a point source that was originally harder than the primary electron background and degrades due to synchrotron and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 David Eichler , Irit Maor

We estimate the cosmological variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio \mu=m_p/m_e by measuring the wavelengths of molecular hydrogen transitions in the early universe. The analysis is performed using high spectral resolution…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 A. Ivanchik , E. Rodriguez , P. Petitjean , D. Varshalovich