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The Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) argument against noncontextual local hidden variables is recast in quantum logical terms of fundamental propositions, states and probabilities. Unlike Kochen-Specker- and Hardy-like configurations, this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-29 Karl Svozil

The Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) puzzle has been used to study quantum nonlocality and provide an all-or-nothing, no-go theorem for local hidden-variable models. Recent experiments using coincident-detected entangled photons prepared…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-30 Brian R. La Cour

The Greenberger, Horne, Zeilinger (GHZ) theorem is critically important to consideration of the possibility of hidden variables in quantum mechanics. Since it depends on predictions of single sets of measurements on three particles, it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-09 Louis Sica

The Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) paradox, involving quantum systems with three or more subsystems, offers an 'all-vs-nothing' test of quantum nonlocality. Unlike Bell tests for bipartite systems, which reveal statistical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-02 Ananya Chakraborty , Kunika Agarwal , Sahil Gopalkrishna Naik , Manik Banik

In all local realistic theories worked out till now, locality is considered as a basic assumption. Most people in the field consider the inconsistency between local realistic theories and quantum mechanics to be a result of non-local nature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Fahmi , M. Golshani

In eliminating the fair sampling assumption, the Greenberger, Horne, Zeilinger (GHZ) theorem is believed to confirm Bell's historic conclusion that local hidden variables are inconsistent with the results of quantum mechanics. The GHZ…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-28 Louis Sica

We generalize the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger nonlocality without inequalities argument to cover the case of arbitrary mixed statistical operators associated to three-qubits quantum systems. More precisely, we determine the radius of a ball…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 GianCarlo Ghirardi , Luca Marinatto

In quantum theory, no-go theorems are important as they rule out the existence of a particular physical model under consideration. For instance, the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) theorem serves as a no-go theorem for the nonexistence of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-12 Jing-Ling Chen , Hong-Yi Su , Zhen-Peng Xu , Arun Kumar Pati

The Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger~(GHZ) version of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen~(EPR) paradox is widely regarded as a conclusive logical argument that rules out the possibility of describing quantum phenomena within the framework of a local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-04 David H. Oaknin

One fascinating way of revealing the quantum nonlocality is the all-versus-nothing test due to Greenberger, Horne, and Zeilinger (GHZ) known as GHZ paradox. So far genuine multipartite and multilevel GHZ paradoxes are known to exist only in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-22 Weidong Tang , Sixia Yu , C. H. Oh

Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) theorem asserts that there is a set of mutually commuting nonlocal observables with a common eigenstate on which those observables assume values that refute the attempt to assign values only required to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Li Tang , Jie Zhong , Yaofeng Ren , Mingsheng Zhan , Zeqian Chen

We present a generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) theorem, which involves more than two local measurement settings for some parties, and cannot be reduced to one with less settings. Our results hold for an odd number of parties. We…

In the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-Mermin (GHZM) proof of Bell's theorem, a source periodically emits an entangled state of three particles whose properties are analyzed by three distant observers and used to prove Bell's nonlocality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. K. Aravind

We present probabilistic analysis of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) scheme in the contextualist framework, namely under the assumption that distributions of hidden variables depend on settings of measurement devices. On one hand, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-11-30 Andrei Khrennikov

As a development of our previous work, this paper is concerned with the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) nonlocality for continuous variable cases. The discussion is based on the introduction of a pseudospin operator, which has the same…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Zeng-Bing Chen , Yong-De Zhang

We prove that for a three-qubit system in the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state, locality per se is in conflict with the perfect GHZ correlations. The proof does not in any way use the realism assumption and can lead to a refutation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Zeng-Bing Chen , Nai-Le Liu , Sixia Yu , Yong-De Zhang

Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states are characterized by their transformation properties under a continuous symmetry group, and $N$-body operators that transform covariantly exhibit a wealth of GHZ contradictions. We show that local or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 Jay Lawrence

We show that for all $n\ge3$, an example of an $n$-partite quantum correlation that is not genuinely multipartite nonlocal but rather exhibiting anonymous nonlocality, that is, nonlocal but biseparable with respect to all bipartitions, can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-26 Yeong-Cherng Liang , Florian John Curchod , Joseph Bowles , Nicolas Gisin

Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) paradox provides an all-versus-nothing test for the quantum nonlocality. In all the GHZ paradoxes known so far each observer is allowed to measure only two alternative observables. Here we shall present a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-31 Weidong Tang , Sixia Yu , C. H. Oh

Vaidman described how a team of three players, each of them isolated in a remote booth, could use a three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state to always win a game which would be impossible to always win without quantum resources.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-28 Adan Cabello
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