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The standard formalism of quantum mechanics is extended to describe a total system including the reference system (RS), with respect to which the total system is described. The RS is assumed to be able to act as a measuring apparatus, with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-06-25 Wen-ge Wang

Non-relativistic quantum mechanics is shown to emerge from classical mechanics through the requirement of a relativity principle based on special transformations acting on position and momentum uncertainties. These transformations keep the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Léon Brenig

This paper proposes an intrinsic or background-independent quantum framework based on entangled state rather than absolute quantum state, it describes a quantum relative state between the under-study quantum system and the quantum measuring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 M. J. Luo

We reformulate classical electromagnetism within the matter-space framework of relativistic fluid dynamics. The central assumption is that the relevant degrees of freedom are encoded in differential forms on a three-dimensional matter space…

General Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Jeongwon Ho , Hyeong-Chan Kim , Jungjai Lee , Yongjun Yun

The measurement problem in quantum mechanics originates in the inability of the Schr\"odinger equation to predict definite outcomes of measurements. This is due to the lack of objectivity of the eigenstates of the measuring apparatus. Such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-26 Partha Ghose

The quantum theory of a harmonic oscillator with a time dependent frequency arises in several important physical problems, especially in the study of quantum field theory in an external background. While the mathematics of this system is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-13 Gaurang Mahajan , T. Padmanabhan

The Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect is a pure quantum effect that implies a measurable phase shift in the wave function for a charged particle that encircles a magnetic flux located in a region \textit{inaccessible} to the particle. Classically,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-23 Xiang Li , Thors Hans Hansson , Wei Ku

Relativistic quantum mechanics can be considered to have begun with a search for wave equations corresponding to each intrinsic spin. However, relativistic quantum physics differs fundamentally from the non-relativistic wave mechanics. It…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Urjit A. Yajnik

Recently there has been much interest in deriving the quantum formalism and the set of quantum correlations from simple axioms. In this paper, we provide a step-by-step derivation of the quantum formalism that tackles both these problems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-10 Alisson Tezzin

A "minimal" generalization of Quantum Mechanics is proposed, where the Lagrangian or the action functional is a mapping from the (classical) states of a system to the Lie algebra of a general compact Lie group, and the wave function takes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yu Tian

The formalism of quantum mechanics is presented in a way that its interpretation as a classical field theory is emphasized. Two coupled real fields are defined with given equations of motion. Densities and currents associated to the fields…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. C. de la Torre , A. Daleo

In this paper and a companion paper, we show how the framework of information geometry, a geometry of discrete probability distributions, can form the basis of a derivation of the quantum formalism. The derivation rests upon a few…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-02-14 Philip Goyal

The Aharonov-Bohm effect is a genuine quantum effect typically characterized by a measurable phase shift in the wave function for a charged particle that encircles an electromagnetic field located in a region inaccessible to the mentioned…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-14 Jose A. R. Cembranos , David García-López , Zoe G. del Toro

In this paper we will analyze the the status of gauge freedom in quantum mechanics (QM) and quantum field theory (QFT). Along with this analysis comparison with ordinary QFT will be given. We will show how the gauge freedom problem is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jaroslaw Wawrzycki

Generalized Fourier transformation between the position and the momentum representation of a quantum state is constructed in a coordinate independent way. The only ingredient of this construction is the symplectic (canonical) geometry of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-14 Witold Chmielowiec , Jerzy Kijowski

We formulate quantum mechanics in spacetimes with real-order fractional geometry and more general factorizable measures. In spacetimes where coordinates and momenta span the whole real line, Heisenberg's principle is proven and the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-10-18 Gianluca Calcagni , Giuseppe Nardelli , Marco Scalisi

After the development of a self-consistent quantum formalism nearly a century ago there began a quest for how to interpret the theoretical constructs of the formalism. In fact, the pursuit of new interpretations of quantum mechanics…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2018-01-22 Stephen Boughn

The usual Heisenberg uncertainty relation for position and momentum may be replaced by an exact equality, for suitably chosen measures of position and momentum uncertainty. This "exact" uncertainty relation is valid for_all_ pure states,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Michael J. W. Hall , Marcel Reginatto

We present a derivation of Born's rule and unitary transforms in Quantum Mechanics, from a simple set of axioms built upon a physical phenomenology of quantization. Combined to Gleason's theorem, this approach naturally leads to the usual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-07 Alexia Auffèves , Philippe Grangier

Geometric (Schrodinger) quantization of nonrelativistic mechanics with respect to different reference frames is considered. In classical nonrelativistic mechanics, a reference frame is represented by a connection on a configuration space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 L. Mangiarotti , G. Sardanashvily