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Quantum state tomography (QST) aims at reconstructing the state of a quantum system. However in conventional QST the number of measurements scales exponentially with the number of qubits. Here we propose a QST protocol, in which the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-23 Daniele Binosi , Giovanni Garberoglio , Diego Maragnano , Maurizio Dapor , Marco Liscidini

An iterative algorithm for the reconstruction of an unknown quantum state from the results of incompatible measurements is proposed. It consists of Expectation-Maximization step followed by a unitary transformation of the eigenbasis of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 J. Rehacek , Z. Hradil , M. Jezek

We revisit quantum tomography in an informationally incomplete scenario and propose improved state reconstruction methods using deep neural networks. In the first approach, the trained network predicts an optimal linear or quadratic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Mateusz Krawczyk , Pavel Baláž , Katarzyna Roszak , Jarosław Pawłowski

Practical quantum state tomography is usually performed by carrying out repeated measurements on many copies of a given state. The accuracy of the reconstruction depends strongly on the dimensionality of the system and the number of copies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-07-08 Alex Ling , Antia Lamas-Linares , Christian Kurtsiefer

Quantum tomography can reconstruct fine phase-space structures that are not necessarily resolved by measurement itself. We show that the effective resolution of tomography is determined by a sampling operator linked to the Gram matrix of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Zdenek Hradil , Jaroslav Rehacek

Knowing and guessing, these are two essential epistemological pillars in the theory of quantum-mechanical measurement. As formulated quantum mechanics is a statistical theory. In general, a priori unknown states can be completely determined…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 V. Buzek , G. Drobny , R. Derka , G. Adam , H. Wiedemann

For theoretical approach of quantum measurements it is proposed a set of reconsidered conjectures. The proposed approach implies linear functional transformations for probability density and current but preserves the expressions for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Dumitru

Reconstructing the state of a complex quantum system represents a pivotal task for all quantum information applications, both for characterization purposes and for verification of quantum protocols. Recent technological developments have…

The reliable characterization of quantum states as well as any potential noise in various quantum systems is crucial for advancing quantum technologies. In this work we propose the concept of corrupted sensing quantum state tomography which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-07 Mengru Ma , Jiangwei Shang

We revisit the application of neural networks techniques to quantum state tomography. We confirm that the positivity constraint can be successfully implemented with trained networks that convert outputs from standard feed-forward neural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-20 D. Koutny , L. Motka , Z. Hradil , J. Rehacek , L. L. Sanchez-Soto

Quantum state tomography, the ability to deduce the density matrix of a quantum system from measured data, is of fundamental importance for the verification of present and future quantum devices. It has been realized in systems with few…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-02-22 M. Cramer , M. B. Plenio

Quantum state tomography, a process that reconstructs a quantum state from measurements on an ensemble of identically prepared copies, plays a crucial role in benchmarking quantum devices. However, brute-force approaches to quantum state…

Characterization of quantum states and devices is paramount to quantum science and technology. The characterization consists of individual measurements, which must be precisely known. A mismatch between actual and assumed constituent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Robert Stárek , Martin Bielak , Miroslav Ježek

Most quantum tomographic methods can only be used for one-dimensional problems. We show how to infer the quantum state of a non-relativistic N-dimensional harmonic oscillator system by simple inverse Radon transforms. The procedure is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Anders S. Mouritzen , Klaus Molmer

Quantum sensing exploits quantum phenomena to enhance the detection and estimation of classical parameters of physical systems and biological entities, particularly so as to overcome the inefficiencies of its classical counterparts. A…

Maximum likelihood iteration is one of the most commonly used reconstruction algorithms in quantum tomography. The main appeal of the method is that it is easy to implement and that it converges reliably to a physically meaningful density…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-21 Florian Oberender

We report an algorithm, based on quantum optics formulation, where a coherent state is used as the elementary quantum resource for the image representation. We provide an architecture with constituent optical elements in linear order with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Vivek Mehta , Sonali Jana , Utpal Roy

Well-controlled quantum devices with their increasing system size face a new roadblock hindering further development of quantum technologies: The effort of quantum tomography---the characterization of processes and states within a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-26 C. A. Riofrio , D. Gross , S. T. Flammia , T. Monz , D. Nigg , R. Blatt , J. Eisert

The characterization of a quantum device is a crucial step in the development of quantum experiments. This is accomplished via Quantum Process Tomography, which combines the outcomes of different projective measurements to deliver a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Francesco Di Colandrea , Nazanin Dehghan , Alessio D'Errico , Ebrahim Karimi

We propose and analyze quantum state estimation (tomography) using continuous quantum measurements with resource limitations, allowing the global state of many qubits to be constructed from only measuring a few. We give a proof-of-principle…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-13 Areeya Chantasri , Shengshi Pang , Teerawat Chalermpusitarak , Andrew N. Jordan