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A theory is presented for the photodetection statistics of radiation produced by current fluctuations in a phase-coherent conductor. Deviations are found from the Poisson statistics that would result from a classical current. For detection…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. W. J. Beenakker , H. Schomerus

Optical parametric down-conversion is a common source for the generation of non-classical correlated photonic states. Using a parametric down-conversion source and photon-number resolving detectors, we measure the two-mode photon-number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-04 L. Dovrat , M. Bakstein , D. Istrati , E. Megidish , A. Halevy , H. S. Eisenberg

Very recently we present a theory to discuss the nature of light and show that the quantization of light energy in vacuum can be derived directly from classical electromagnetic theory. In the theory a key concept of stability of statistical…

Optics · Physics 2007-05-23 Wei-Long She

A fundamental prerequisite for the implementation of linear optical quantum computation is a source of single-photon wavepackets capable of high-visibility interference in scalable networks. These conditions can be met with micro-structured…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Alfred B. U'Ren , Christine Silberhorn , Konrad Banaszek , Ian A. Walmsley

In the light of Newton-Wigner-Wightman theorem of localizability question, we have proposed before a typical generation mechanism of effective mass for photons to be localized in the form of polaritons owing to photon-media interactions. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-27 Izumi Ojima , Hayato Saigo

Linear media are predicted to exist whose relative permiability is an operator in the space of quantum states of light. Such media are characterized by a photon statistics--dependent refractive index. This indicates a new type of optical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. Ya. Slepyan , S. A. Maksimenko

The probabilities of causation are commonly used to solve decision-making problems. Tian and Pearl derived sharp bounds for the probability of necessity and sufficiency (PNS), the probability of sufficiency (PS), and the probability of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Ang Li , Ruirui Mao , Judea Pearl

We consider a random symmetric matrix ${\bf X} = [X_{jk}]_{j,k=1}^n$ in which the upper triangular entries are independent identically distributed random variables with mean zero and unit variance. We additionally suppose that $\mathbb E…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-12-01 Friedrich Götze , Alexey Naumov , Alexander Tikhomirov

The aim of this expos\'e is to make explicit the analogy between the classical notion of non-independent probability distribution and the quantum notion of entangled state. To bring that analogy forth, we consider a classical systems with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Henryk Gzyl

The paper works out the canonical probability distribution of the occupancy numbers of a bosonic system and shows that canonical typicality applies to the canonical density operator of the occupancy numbers. The result is that, if, as it is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-02 Arnaldo Spalvieri

We consider the question of whether photon-number-resolving (PNR) detectors provide compelling evidence for the discrete nature of light; i.e., whether they indicate the prior presence of a certain number of discrete photons. To answer this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-06 Morgan C. Williamson , Gabriel D. Ko , Brian R. La Cour

The subtraction or addition of a prescribed number of photons to a field mode does not, in general, simply shift the probability distribution by the number of subtracted or added photons. Subtraction of a photon from an initial coherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-01 Stephen M. Barnett , Gergely Ferenczi , Claire R. Gilson , Fiona C. Speirits

We show first that there are intrinsic relationships among different conditions, old and recent, which lead to some general statements in both the Stieltjes and the Hamburger moment problems. Then we describe checkable conditions and prove…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-11-13 Gwo Dong Lin , Jordan Stoyanov

Single photon sources are necessary for optical quantum technology. The nonclassicality of emitted single photons manifests itself in diverse experiments and applications. The applications already require different nonclassical aspects of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-08 Lukáš Lachman , Radim Filip

Let $\mathbf {x}_1,\ldots,\mathbf {x}_n$ be a random sample from a $p$-dimensional population distribution, where $p=p_n\to\infty$ and $\log p=o(n^{\beta})$ for some $0<\beta\leq1$, and let $L_n$ be the coherence of the sample correlation…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-02-26 Qi-Man Shao , Wen-Xin Zhou

This paper is concerned with two questions in the decoherent histories approach to quantum mechanics: the emergence of approximate classical predictability, and the fluctuations about it necessitated by the uncertainty principle. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 J. J. Halliwell

Uncertainty relation for photons that overcomes the difficulties caused by the nonexistence of the photon position operator is derived in quantum electrodynamics. The photon energy density plays the role of the probability density in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-05 Iwo Bialynicki-Birula , Zofia Bialynicka-Birula

Probabilities of causation play a crucial role in modern decision-making. Pearl defined three binary probabilities of causation, the probability of necessity and sufficiency (PNS), the probability of sufficiency (PS), and the probability of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Ang Li , Judea Pearl

Conditional preparation of photon number states from a continuous-wave nondegenerate optical parametric oscillator is investigated. We derive the phase space Wigner function for the output state conditioned on photo detection events that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-06-07 Anne E. B. Nielsen , Klaus Molmer

In order to substantiate claims of quantum computational advantage, it is crucial to develop efficient methods for validating the experimental data. We propose a test of the correct functioning of a boson sampler with single-photon inputs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-25 Benoit Seron , Leonardo Novo , Alex Arkhipov , Nicolas J. Cerf
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