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Quantum computing holds the promise of solving classically intractable problems. Enabling this requires scalable and hardware-efficient quantum processors with vanishing error rates. This perspective manuscript describes how bosonic codes,…

We study the properties of error correcting codes for noise models in the presence of asymmetries and/or correlations by means of the entanglement fidelity and the code entropy. First, we consider a dephasing Markovian memory channel and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 C. Cafaro , S. L'Innocente , C. Lupo , S. Mancini

High-rate and large-distance quantum codes are expected to make fault-tolerant quantum computing more efficient, but most of them lack efficient fault-tolerant encoded-state preparation methods. We propose such a fault-tolerant encoder for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Naoyuki Kanomata , Hayato Goto

Quantum error-correcting codes are a vital technology for demonstrating reliable quantum computation. They require data qubits for encoding quantum information and ancillary qubits for taking error syndromes necessary for error correction.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-12 Shintaro Sato , Yasunari Suzuki

Color code is a promising topological code for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Insufficient research on the color code has delayed its practical application. In this work, we address several key issues to facilitate practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Jiaxuan Zhang , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo

Blind Quantum Computation (BQC) is a delegation computing protocol that allows a client to utilize a remote quantum server to implement desired quantum computations while keeping her inputs, outputs, and algorithms private. However, qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 Qiang Zhao , John C. S. Lui

In the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, one of the key questions is how to deal with the high noise level existing in physical quantum bits (qubits). Quantum error correction is promising but requires an extensive number (e.g.,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-29 Zhiding Liang , Zhepeng Wang , Junhuan Yang , Lei Yang , Jinjun Xiong , Yiyu Shi , Weiwen Jiang

Low-depth random circuit codes possess many desirable properties for quantum error correction but have so far only been analyzed in the code capacity setting where it is assumed that encoding gates and syndrome measurements are noiseless.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-01 Jon Nelson , Gregory Bentsen , Steven T. Flammia , Michael J. Gullans

Quantum error correction is a set of methods to protect quantum information--that is, quantum states--from unwanted environmental interactions (decoherence) and other forms of noise. The information is stored in a quantum error-correcting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Todd A. Brun

The presence of noise in quantum computers hinders their effective operation. Even though quantum error correction can theoretically remedy this problem, its practical realization is still a challenge. Testing and benchmarking noisy,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Adrian Ortega , Orsolya Kálmán , Tamás Kiss

The most common error models for quantum computers assume the independence of errors on different qubits. However, most noise mechanisms have some correlations in space. We show how to improve quantum information processing for few-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-19 Vickram N. Premakumar , Robert Joynt

In a modern error corrected quantum memory or circuit, parallelization of gate operations is severely restricted due to issues like cross-talk. Hence, there are enough idle qubits not undergoing gate operations either during the computation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-17 Sai Sanjay Narayanan , Smita Bagewadi , Avhishek Chatterjee

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is typically viewed as a suite of practical techniques for today's noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, with limited relevance once fault-tolerant quantum computers become available. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-11 Zeyuan Zhou , Shaun Pexton , Aleksander Kubica , Yongshan Ding

The demonstration of quantum error correction (QEC) is one of the most important milestones in the realization of fully-fledged quantum computers. Toward this, QEC experiments using the surface codes have recently been actively conducted.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-12 Mitsuki Katsuda , Kosuke Mitarai , Keisuke Fujii

The detrimental effect of noise accumulates as quantum computers grow in size. In the case where devices are too small or noisy to perform error correction, error mitigation may be used. Error mitigation does not increase the fidelity of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Cristina Cirstoiu , Silas Dilkes , Daniel Mills , Seyon Sivarajah , Ross Duncan

Quantum error correction allows to actively correct errors occurring in a quantum computation when the noise is weak enough. To make this error correction competitive information about the specific noise is required. Traditionally, this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-07 Thomas Wagner , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß , Martin Kliesch

Fault-tolerant quantum computation critically depends on architectures uniting high encoding rates with physical implementability. Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes, including bivariate bicycle (BB) codes, achieve dramatic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Yingli Yang , Guo Zhang , Ying Li

We present a fault-tolerant [[8, 1, 3]] non-CSS quantum error correcting code and study its logical error rates. We choose the unitary encoding procedure for stabilizer codes given by Gottesman and modify it to suit the setting of a class…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-08 Pranav Maheshwari , Ankur Raina

Quantum computers have the potential to outperform classical computers for some complex computational problems. However, current quantum computers (e.g., from IBM and Google) have inherent noise that results in errors in the outputs of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Asmar Muqeet , Shaukat Ali , Tao Yue , Paolo Arcaini

We examine the transformation of noise under a quantum error correcting code (QECC) concatenated repeatedly with itself, by analyzing the effects of a quantum channel after each level of concatenation using recovery operators that are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-27 Jesse Fern