Related papers: Strengths and Weaknesses of Quantum Computing
This work investigates the oracle separation between the physically motivated complexity class of noisy quantum circuits, inspired by definitions such as those presented by Chen, Cotler, Huang, and Li (2022). We establish that with a…
The theory of computer science is based around Universal Turing Machines (UTMs): abstract machines able to execute all possible algorithms. Modern digital computers are physical embodiments of UTMs. The nondeterministic polynomial (NP) time…
One-time programs, computer programs which self-destruct after being run only once, are a powerful building block in cryptography and would allow for new forms of secure software distribution. However, ideal one-time programs have been…
In this work we initiate the question of whether quantum devices can provide us with an almost perfect source of classical randomness, and more generally, suffice for classical cryptographic tasks, such as encryption. Indeed, it is well…
Quantum algorithms are known for providing more efficient solutions to certain computational tasks than any corresponding classical algorithm. Here we show that a single qudit is sufficient to implement an oracle based quantum algorithm,…
We assess the potential of quantum computing to accelerate computation of central tasks in genomics, focusing on often-neglected theoretical limitations. We discuss state-of-the-art challenges of quantum search, optimization, and machine…
The nature of quantum computation is discussed. It is argued that, in terms of the amount of information manipulated in a given time, quantum and classical computation are equally efficient. Quantum superposition does not permit quantum…
This article describes a Turing machine which can solve for $\beta^{'}$ which is RE-complete. RE-complete problems are proven to be undecidable by Turing's accepted proof on the Entscheidungsproblem. Thus, constructing a machine which…
Classical programming languages cannot model essential elements of complex systems such as true random number generation. This paper develops a formal programming language called the lambda-q calculus that addresses the fundamental…
We remark that the AKS primality testing algorithm [Annals of Mathematics 160 (2), 2004] needs about 1,000,000,000 G (gigabyte) storage space for a number of 1024 bits. The requirement is very hard to meet. The complexity class P which…
Consider a universal Turing machine that produces a partial or total function (or a binary stream), based on the answers to the binary queries that it makes during the computation. We study the probability that the machine will produce a…
Quantum computers leverage the principles of quantum mechanics to do computation with a potential advantage over classical computers. While a single classical computer transforms one particular binary input into an output after applying one…
The $\textbf{P}$ vs. $\textbf{NP}$ problem is an important problem in contemporary mathematics and theoretical computer science. Many proofs have been proposed to this problem. This paper proposes a theoretic proof for $\textbf{P}$ vs.…
We introduce a quantum algorithm to perform the Laplace transform on quantum computers. Already, the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) is the cornerstone of many quantum algorithms, but the Laplace transform or its discrete version has not…
Quantum theory (QT) has been confirmed by numerous experiments, yet we still cannot fully grasp the meaning of the theory. As a consequence, the quantum world appears to us paradoxical. Here we shed new light on QT by being based on two…
It is well-known (cf. K.-Pudl\'ak 1989) that a polynomial time algorithm finding tautologies hard for a propositional proof system $P$ exists iff $P$ is not optimal. Such an algorithm takes $1^{(k)}$ and outputs a tautology $\tau_k$ of size…
Recent theoretical results confirm that quantum theory provides the possibility of new ways of performing efficient calculations. The most striking example is the factoring problem. It has recently been shown that computers that exploit…
Grover's algorithm is a primary algorithm offered as evidence that quantum computers can provide an advantage over classical computers. It involves an "oracle" specified for a given application whose structure is not part of the formal…
We give new evidence that quantum circuits are substantially more powerful than classical circuits. We show, relative to a random oracle, that polynomial-size quantum circuits can sample distributions that subexponential-size classical…
Grover's algorithm is a well-known unstructured quantum search algorithm run on quantum computers. It constructs an oracle and calls the oracle O($\sqrt N$) times to locate specific data out of N unsorted data. This represents a quadratic…