Related papers: Mass as a Relativistic Quantum Observable
The gravitational energy shift for photons is extended to all mass-equivalent energies $E = mc^2$, obeying the quantum condition $E = h\nu$.On an example of a relativistic binary system, it was shown that the gravitational energy shift…
Quantum mechanics marks a radical departure from the classical understanding of Nature, fostering an inherent randomness which forbids a deterministic description; yet the most fundamental departure arises from something different. As shown…
We define gravitational mass operator of a hydrogen atom in the post-Newtonian approximation of the General Relativity and show that it does not commute with energy operator. Nevertheless, the equivalence between the expectation values of…
The geometrical description of Quantum Mechanics is reviewed and proposed as an alternative picture to the standard ones. The basic notions of observables, states, evolution and composition of systems are analised from this perspective, the…
Contrary to general belief, the Fraunhofer lines have been found to be plasma redshifted and not gravitationally redshifted, when observed on Earth. Quantum mechanical effects cause the photons' gravitational redshift to be reversed as the…
We argue that correct account of the quantum properties of macroscopic objects which form reference frames (RF) demand the change of the standard space-time picture accepted in Quantum Mechanics. Galilean or Lorentz space-time…
I suggest that measurement in quantum theory should be regarded as a sense of time (of things happening), which is as important as the conventional relativistic notion of time. A key question -- of basic physical interest whether one…
The most striking observable feature of our indeterministic quantum universe is the wide range of time, place, and scale on which the deterministic laws of classical physics hold to an excellent approximation. This essay describes how this…
It is shown that passive gravitational mass operator of a hydrogen atom in the post-Newtonian approximation of the general relativity does not commute with its energy operator, taken in the absence of gravitational field. Nevertheless, the…
Although cosmic expansion at very small distances is usually dismissed as entirely inconsequential, it appears that these extraordinarily small effects may in fact have a real and significant influence on our world. Calculations suggest…
On the basis of the relativistic mass-energy concept we found that a proper mass of a test particle in a gravitational field depends on a potential energy, hence, a freely falling particle has a varying proper mass. Consequently, a…
The apparent random outcome of a quantum measurement is conjectured to be fundamentally determined by the microscopic state of the macroscopic measurement apparatus. The apparatus state thus plays the role of a hidden variable which, in…
Examination of the Einstein energy-momentum relationship suggests that simple unbound forms of matter exist in a four-dimensional Euclidean space. Position, momentum, velocity, and other vector quantities can be expressed as Euclidean…
We define and study kinematical observables involving fermion spin, such as the total spin of a collection of particles, in loop quantum gravity. Due to the requirement of gauge invariance, the relevant quantum states contain strong…
The invariance of physical observables like particle's mass under a local field redefinition is a well-known and important property of quantum field theory. In this paper, on the other hand, we investigate nonlocal field redefinitions…
A set of diverse but mutually consistent results obtained in different settings has spawned a new view of loop quantum gravity and its physical implications, based on the interplay of operator calculations and effective theory: Quantum…
Everett's interpretation of quantum mechanics was proposed to avoid problems inherent in the prevailing interpretational frame. It assumes that quantum mechanics can be applied to any system and that the state vector always evolves…
Our familiar Newton's laws allow determination of both position and velocity of any object precisely. Early nineteenth century saw the birth of quantum mechanics where all measurements must obey Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.…
It is shown that quantum mechanics is a plausible statistical description of an ontology described by classical electrodynamics. The reason that no contradiction arises with various no-go theorems regarding the compatibility of QM with a…
Gravitational redshift is discussed in the context of quantum photons propagating in curved spacetime. A brief introduction to modelling realistic photons is first presented and the effect of gravity on the spectrum computed for photons…