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Take a cellular automaton, consider that each configuration is a basis vector in some vector space, and linearize the global evolution function. If lucky, the r esult could actually make sense physically, as a valid quantum evolution; but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-03-03 Pablo Arrighi , Vincent Nesme

We provide algebraic criteria for the unitarity of linear quantum cellular automata, i.e. one dimensional quantum cellular automata. We derive these both by direct combinatorial arguments, and by adding constraints into the model which do…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-29 Pablo Arrighi

A natural architecture for nanoscale quantum computation is that of a quantum cellular automaton. Motivated by this observation, in this paper we begin an investigation of exactly unitary cellular automata. After proving that there can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 David A. Meyer

We consider a graph with a single quantum system at each node. The entire compound system evolves in discrete time steps by iterating a global evolution $U$. We require that this global evolution $U$ be unitary, in accordance with quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-29 Pablo Arrighi , Vincent Nesme , Reinhard Werner

Quantum cellular automata consist in arrays of identical finite-dimensional quantum systems, evolving in discrete-time steps by iterating a unitary operator G. Moreover the global evolution G is required to be causal (it propagates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-09 Pablo Arrighi

Studies of quantum computer implementations suggest cellular quantum computer architectures. These architectures can simulate the evolution of quantum cellular automata, which can possibly simulate both quantum and classical physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-04 Ioannis G. Karafyllidis

Linear quantum cellular automata were introduced recently as one of the models of quantum computing. A basic postulate of quantum mechanics imposes a strong constraint on any quantum machine: it has to be unitary, that is its time evolution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 Christoph Durr , Miklos Santha

Quantum timeless approaches solve the problem of time by recovering the usual unitary evolution of quantum theory relative to a clock in a stationary quantum Universe. For some Hamiltonians of the Universe, such as those including an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Simone Rijavec

In this paper we present a quantization of Cellular Automata. Our formalism is based on a lattice of qudits, and an update rule consisting of local unitary operators that commute with their own lattice translations. One purpose of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-17 Carlos A. Perez-Delgado , Donny Cheung

One-dimensional cellular automata are discrete dynamical systems that operate on an infinite lattice of sites and are characterized by the locality and uniformity of their update rule. Permutations of the state set and isometric…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2025-12-10 Martin Schaller , Karl Svozil

One-dimensional quantum cellular automata (QCA) consist in a line of identical, finite dimensional quantum systems. These evolve in discrete time steps according to a local, shift-invariant unitary evolution. By local we mean that no…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-04-15 Pablo Arrighi , Vincent Nesme , Reinhard Werner

We investigate the question of unitarity of evolution between hypersurfaces in quantum field theory in curved spacetime from the perspective of the general boundary formulation. Unitarity thus means unitarity of the quantum operator that…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-08-25 Daniele Colosi , Robert Oeckl

One of the axioms of quantum field theory is the property of unitarity of the evolution operator. However, if one considers the quantum electrodynamics in the external field in the leading order of perturbation theory, one will find that…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 O. Yu. Shvedov

An important result in the theory of quantum control is the "universality" of $2$-local unitary gates, i.e. the fact that any global unitary evolution of a system of $L$ qudits can be implemented by composition of $2$-local unitary gates.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Marco Lastres , Frank Pollmann , Sanjay Moudgalya

We summarize a recent study of discrete (integer-valued) Hamiltonian cellular automata (CA) showing that their dynamics can only be consistently defined, if it is linear in the same sense as unitary evolution described by the Schr\"odinger…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-13 Hans-Thomas Elze

We establish several extensions of the well-known Garden of Eden theorem for non-uniform cellular automata over the full shifts and over amenable group universes. In particular, our results describe quantitatively the relations between the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-04-04 Xuan Kien Phung

A synopsis is offered of the properties of discrete and integer-valued, hence "natural", cellular automata (CA). A particular class comprises the "Hamiltonian CA" with discrete updating rules that resemble Hamilton's equations. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-06 Hans-Thomas Elze

There exists an index theory to classify strictly local quantum cellular automata in one dimension. We consider two classification questions. First, we study to what extent this index theory can be applied in higher dimensions via…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-20 M. Freedman , M. B. Hastings

Discussions of quantum mechanics often loosely claim that time evolution logically must be unitary, in order for the probabilistic interpretation of the amplitudes of the state vector to make sense at all times. We discuss from first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 Edward Parker

We define quantum cellular automata as infinite quantum lattice systems with discrete time dynamics, such that the time step commutes with lattice translations and has strictly finite propagation speed. In contrast to earlier definitions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 B. Schumacher , R. F. Werner
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