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The question whether quantum measurements reflect some underlying objective reality has no generally accepted answer. We show that description of such reality is possible under natural conditions such as linearity and causality, although in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-15 Adam Bednorz

Given two or more non-commuting observables, it is generally not possible to simultaneously assign precise values to each. This quantum mechanical uncertainty principle is widely understood to be encapsulated by some form of uncertainty…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-23 Paul Busch , Oliver Reardon-Smith

Measurement is integral to quantum information processing and communication; it is how information encoded in the state of a system is transformed into classical signals for further use. In quantum optics, measurements are typically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-13 Daniel K. L. Oi , Vaclav Potocek , John Jeffers

We propose a new measure of relative incompatibility for a quantum system with respect to two non-commuting observables, and call it quantumness of relative incompatibility. In case of a classical state, order of observation is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-30 Manish Kumar Shukla , Rounak Mundra , Arun K Pati , Indranil Chakrabarty , Junde Wu

The impossibility of measuring noncommuting quantum mechanical observables is one of the most fascinating consequences of the quantum mechanical postulates. Hence, to date the investigation of quantum measurement and projection is a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2010-09-06 Adam Bednorz , Wolfgang Belzig

Unavoidable disturbance caused by a quantum measurement implies that the realizable subsequent measurements are getting limited after one performs some measurement. The obvious general limitation that one cannot circumvent by sequential or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-05 Teiko Heinosaari , Takayuki Miyadera

Irreversibility in quantum measurements is considered from the point of quantum information theory. For that purpose the information transfer between the measured object S and measuring system O is analyzed. It's found that due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-29 S. N. Mayburov

The paper describes a solution to the problem of quantum measurement that has been proposed recently. The literal understanding of the basic rule of quantum mechanics on identical particles violates the cluster separation principle and so…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-07-19 Petr Hajicek

A model of quantum measurement is proposed, which aims to describe statistical mechanical aspects of this phenomenon, starting from a purely Hamiltonian formulation. The macroscopic measurement apparatus is modeled as an ideal Bose gas, the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-08-31 Armen E. Allahverdyan , Roger Balian , Theo M. Nieuwenhuizen

Quantitative measures are introduced for the indistinguishability $U$ of two quantum states in a given measurement and the amount of interference $I$ observable in this measurement. It is shown that these measures obey an inequality $U\geq…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jos Uffink , Jan Hilgevoord

Incompatibility of quantum measurements is of fundamental importance in quantum mechanics. It is closely related to many nonclassical phenomena such as Bell nonlocality, quantum uncertainty relations, and quantum steering. We study the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-01 Lin Zhang , Hua Xiang , Xianqing Li-Jost , Shao-Ming Fei

The problem of measurement is often considered as an inconsistency inside the quantum formalism. Many attempts to solve (or to dissolve) it have been made since the inception of quantum mechanics. The form of these attempts depends on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-20 Herve Zwirn

We give a bound to the precision in the estimation of a parameter in terms of the expectation value of an observable. It is an extension of the Cramer-Rao inequality and of the Heisenberg uncertainty relation, where the estimation precision…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-11 Vittorio Giovannetti , Seth Lloyd , Lorenzo Maccone

A theorem of L\"{u}ders states that an ideal measurement of a sharp discrete observable does not alter the statistics of another sharp observable if, and only if, the two observables commute. It will be shown that this statement extends to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-02 Paul Busch , Javed Singh

The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum theory is investigated from a philosophical point of view. It is justified the opinion that the philosophical attitude the Copenhagen interpretation is based on is in principle inevitable for a real…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2009-11-05 Martin Kober

We analyse the wave function collapse as seem by two distinct observers (with identical detectors) in relative motion. Imposing that the measurement process demands information transfer from the system to the detectors, we note that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-12-12 Milton A. da Silva , Roberto M. Serra , Lucas C. Celeri

In this paper we introduce a measure of genuine quantum incompatibility in the estimation task of multiple parameters, that has a geometric character and is backed by a clear operational interpretation. This measure is then applied to some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-22 Federico Belliardo , Vittorio Giovannetti

We show that, contrarily to the widespread belief, in quantum mechanics repeatable measurements are not necessarily described by orthogonal projectors--the customary paradigm of "observable". Nonorthogonal repeatability, however, occurs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 F. Buscemi , G. M. D'Ariano , P. Perinotti

It is by now well-recognised that the na\"ive application of the projection postulate on composite quantum systems can induce signalling between their constituent components, indicative of a breakdown of causality in a relativistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-18 Leron Borsten , Ian Jubb , Graham Kells

In this work we attempt to confront the orthodox widespread claim present in the foundational literature of Quantum Mechanics (QM) according to which 'superpositions are never actually observed in the lab'. In order to do so, we begin by…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2020-07-03 Christian de Ronde