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Unlike our basic theories of space and time, quantum mechanics is not a locally causal theory. Moreover, it is widely believed that any hopes of restoring local causality within a realistic theory have been undermined by Bell's theorem and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-03 Joy Christian

Scientific inquiry seeks causal explanations of observed phenomena. The Bell experiment provides a paradigmatic case, revealing correlations between spatially separated systems that no local model can reproduce. Such correlations, known as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Mark Broom , Talel Naccache , Emmanuel M. Pothos , Christoph Gallus , Pawel Blasiak

We present a detailed investigation of minimum detection efficiencies, below which locality cannot be violated by any quantum system of any dimension in bipartite Bell experiments. Lower bounds on these minimum detection efficiencies are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 J. Wilms , Y. Disser , G. Alber , I. C. Percival

The EPRB experiment with massive partcles can be formulated if one defines spin in a relativistic way. Two versions are discussed: The one using the spin operator defined via the relativistic center-of-mass operator, and the one using the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Marek Czachor

It is argued that the Heisenberg picture of standard quantum mechanics does not save Einstein locality as claimed in Deutsch and Hayden (2000). In particular, the EPR-type correlations that DH obtain by comparing two qubits in a local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 R. E. Kastner

Experimental tests of Bell-type inequalities distinguishing between quantum mechanics and local realistic theories remain of considerable interest if performed on massive particles, for which no conclusive result has yet been obtained. Only…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-09 M. Iannuzzi , R. Messi , D. Moricciani , A. Orecchini , F. Sacchetti

A model for experiments testing Bell Inequalities is presented that does not involve nonlocal effects. It constitutes essentially a physical explanation of a "loophole" in the logic of these experiments, which, if not excluded, in principle…

General Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 A. F. Kracklauer

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is an intermediate type of quantum nonlocality which sits between entanglement and Bell nonlocality. A set of correlations is Bell nonlocal if it does not admit a local hidden variable (LHV) model,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-28 Quan Quan , Huangjun Zhu , Heng Fan , Wen-Li Yang

We carry out a thought experiment in an imaginary world. Our world is both local and realistic, yet it violates a Bell inequality more than does quantum theory. This serves to debunk the myth that equates local realism with local hidden…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-07 Gilles Brassard , Paul Raymond-Robichaud

We show how one may test macroscopic local realism where, different from conventional Bell tests, all relevant measurements need only distinguish between two macroscopically distinct states of the system being measured. Here, measurements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-13 M. Thenabadu , G-L. Cheng , T. L. H. Pham , L. V. Drummond , L. Rosales-Zárate , M. D. Reid

We propose a new test of local realism based on correlation measurements of continuum valued functions of positions and momenta, known as modular variables. The Wigner representation of these observables are bounded in phase space, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-10 Atul S. Arora , Ali Asadian

Many experiments have shown that locality-realism theory is at variance with quantum mechanics predictions. Although locality and realism, which are two different conceptions, are given respective definition, the descriptions of the both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-11-12 Ping-Xing Chen , Shi-Yao Zhu

Five objections to the conventional arguments underlying the EPR \enquote{paradox} are presented. It is shown that for entangled subsystems the formation of the post-measurement state necessarily involves local interactions affecting both…

General Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 N. O. Chudak , O. S. Potiienko , I. V. Sharph , V. P. Smolyar

The exploration of entanglement and Bell non-locality among multi-particle quantum systems offers a profound avenue for testing and understanding the limits of quantum mechanics and local real hidden variable theories. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Paweł Horodecki , Kazuki Sakurai , Abhyoudai S. Shaleena , Michael Spannowsky

The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox is one of the milestones in quantum foundations, arising from the lack of local realistic description of quantum mechanics. The EPR paradox has stimulated an important concept of "quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-03 Tianfeng Feng , Changliang Ren , Qin Feng , Maolin Luo , Xiaogang Qiang , Jing-Ling Chen , Xiaoqi Zhou

L. Vervoort [arxiv:1406.0901] claims to have found a model which "can violate the Bell inequality and reproduce the quantum statistics, even if it is based on local dynamics only". This claim is false. The proposed model contains global…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-27 I. Schmelzer

Quantum nonlocality may be an artifact of the assumption that observers obey the laws of classical mechanics, while observed systems obey quantum mechanics. I show that, at least in the case of Bell's Theorem, locality is restored if…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Frank J. Tipler

The relations between Bell nonlocality and Kochen-Specker contextuality have been subject of research from many different perspectives in the last decades. Recently, some interesting results on these relations have been explored in the…

Various Bell inequalities are trivial algebraic properties satisfied by each line of particular data spreadsheets.It is surprising that their violation in some experiments, allows to speculate about the existence of nonlocal influences in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-25 Marian Kupczynski

In the 80 years since the seminal Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) paper, physicists and philosophers have mused about the `spooky action at a distance' aspect of quantum mechanics that so bothered Einstein. In his formal analysis of…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2016-04-30 Stephen Boughn
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