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Superdense Coding is a cornerstone in secure quantum communication, exploiting pre-shared entanglement to encode two classical bits within a single qubit. However, noise and decoherence deteriorate entanglement quality, restricting both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-18 Syed Emad Uddin Shubha , Tasnuva Farheen

Quantum information theory is a multidisciplinary field whose objective is to understand what happens when information is stored in the state of a quantum system. Quantum mechanics provides us with a new resource, called quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-25 Nicolas Dutil

We present a general theoretical framework for both deterministic and probabilistic entanglement transformations of bipartite pure states achieved via local operations and classical communication. This framework unifies and greatly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 G. M. D'Ariano , M. F. Sacchi

In the last few years there has been a lot of interest in quantum repeater protocols using only atomic ensembles and linear optics. Here we show that the local generation of high-fidelity entangled pairs of atomic excitations, in…

We present two economical one-step error-correction protocols for multipartite polarization-entangled systems in a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state. One uses spatial entanglement to correct errors in the polarization entanglement of an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-07-04 Fu-Guo Deng

Distilling high-dimensional quantum entanglement under realistic, general asymmetric noise remains a formidable challenge. Standard entanglement purification protocols inevitably fail to satisfy convergence constraints under severe…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Zihua Song , Lin Chen , Yongge Wang

In this article, we investigate the purity dynamics of entangled 2 two-level atoms interacting with a single quantized electromagnetic field. We show that the purity of the qubit pairs depends on the initial state of the atomic system. It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-03-20 Nasser Metwally

Entanglement can effectively increase communication channel capacity as evidenced by dense coding that predicts a capacity gain of 1 bit when compared to entanglement-free protocols. However, dense coding relies on Bell states and when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-13 P. Lougovski , D. B. Uskov

So far all the proven unconditionally secure prepare and measure protocols for the quantum key distribution(QKD) must solve the very complex problem of decoding the classical CSS code. In the decoding stage, Bob has to compare his string…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Wang Xiang-bin

We propose an information reconciliation protocol that uses two-way classical communication. In the case of the BB84 protocol and the six-state protocol, the key rates of the quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols that use our proposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-09 Shun Watanabe , Ryutaroh Matsumoto , Tomohiko Uyematsu , Yasuhito Kawano

We study the amount of communication needed for two parties to transform some given joint pure state into another one, either exactly or with some fidelity. Specifically, we present a method to lower bound this communication cost even when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Patrick Hayden , Andreas Winter

We prove that the fidelity of two exemplary communication complexity protocols, allowing for an N-1 bit communication, can be exponentially improved by N-1 (unentangled) qubit communication. Taking into account, for a fair comparison, all…

Generating entanglement between distributed network nodes is a prerequisite for the quantum internet. Entanglement distribution protocols based on high-dimensional photonic qudits enable the simultaneous generation of multiple entangled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-15 Xiaoyu Liu , Niv Bharos , Liubov Markovich , Johannes Borregaard

An iterative random procedure is considered allowing an entanglement purification of a class of multi-mode quantum states. In certain cases, a complete purification may be achieved using only a single signal state preparation. A physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 J Clausen , L Knoell , D-G Welsch

Quantum networking relies on the management and exploitation of entanglement. Practical sources of entangled qubits are imperfect, producing mixed quantum state with reduced fidelity with respect to ideal Bell pairs. Therefore, an important…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-19 Hari Hara Suthan Chittoor , Osvaldo Simeone

We study quantum entanglement distribution on networks with full-rank bi-partite mixed states linking qubits on nodes. In particular, we use entanglement swapping and purification to partially entangle widely separated nodes. The simplest…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-01-24 G. J. Lapeyre , S. Perseguers , M. Lewenstein , A. Acín

We prove that there is a trade-off relation between the entanglement cost and the number of rounds of communication, for two distant parties to accomplish a bidirectional quantum information task by local operations and classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-30 Eyuri Wakakuwa , Akihito Soeda , Mio Murao

We study the stability under quantum noise effects of the quantum privacy amplification protocol for the purification of entanglement in quantum cryptography. We assume that the E91 protocol is used by two communicating parties (Alice and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Giuliano Benenti , Sara Felloni , Giuliano Strini

We present a detailed rate analysis for a hybrid quantum repeater assuming perfect memories and using optimal probabilistic entanglement generation and deterministic swapping routines. The hybrid quantum repeater protocol is based on atomic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-09 Nadja K. Bernardes , Ludmiła Praxmeyer , Peter van Loock

We derive lower limits on the inefficiency and classical communication costs of dilution between two-term bipartite pure states that are partially entangled. We first calculate explicit relations between the allowable error and classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Ben Fortescue , Hoi-Kwong Lo