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We show that any quantum density matrix can be represented by a Bayesian network (a directed acyclic graph), and also by a Markov network (an undirected graph). We show that any Bayesian or Markov net that represents a density matrix, is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Robert R. Tucci

It is a fundamental, but still elusive question whether the schemes based on quantum mechanics, in particular on quantum entanglement, can be used for classical information processing and machine learning. Even partial answer to this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-24 Yuhan Liu , Xiao Zhang , Maciej Lewenstein , Shi-Ju Ran

In the process of building (structural learning) a probabilistic graphical model from a set of observed data, the directional, cyclic dependencies between the random variables of the model are often found. Existing graphical models such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Oleksii Sirotkin

Generative modeling using samples drawn from the probability distribution constitutes a powerful approach for unsupervised machine learning. Quantum mechanical systems can produce probability distributions that exhibit quantum correlations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-07 Xun Gao , Eric R. Anschuetz , Sheng-Tao Wang , J. Ignacio Cirac , Mikhail D. Lukin

We study conditional independence relationships for random networks and their interplay with exchangeability. We show that, for finitely exchangeable network models, the empirical subgraph densities are maximum likelihood estimates of their…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-11-22 Steffen Lauritzen , Alessandro Rinaldo , Kayvan Sadeghi

Understanding causal relationships between variables is a fundamental problem with broad impact in numerous scientific fields. While extensive research has been dedicated to learning causal graphs from data, its complementary concept of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Jiaqi Zhang , Kirankumar Shiragur , Caroline Uhler

The graphical structure of Probabilistic Graphical Models (PGMs) represents the conditional independence (CI) relations that hold in the modeled distribution. Every separator in the graph represents a conditional independence relation in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Batya Kenig

We consider the problem of characterizing Bayesian networks up to unconditional equivalence, i.e., when directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) have the same set of unconditional $d$-separation statements. Each unconditional equivalence class (UEC)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-11 Alex Markham , Danai Deligeorgaki , Pratik Misra , Liam Solus

Undirected graphical models, or Markov networks, are a popular class of statistical models, used in a wide variety of applications. Popular instances of this class include Gaussian graphical models and Ising models. In many settings,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-09-08 Eunho Yang , Pradeep Ravikumar , Genevera I. Allen , Zhandong Liu

Bayesian networks are probabilistic graphical models widely employed to understand dependencies in high dimensional data, and even to facilitate causal discovery. Learning the underlying network structure, which is encoded as a directed…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-03 Jack Kuipers , Polina Suter , Giusi Moffa

Markov networks (MNs) are a powerful way to compactly represent a joint probability distribution, but most MN structure learning methods are very slow, due to the high cost of evaluating candidates structures. Dependency networks (DNs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-10-19 Daniel Lowd

We initiate the study of counting Markov Equivalence Classes (MEC) under logical constraints. MECs are equivalence classes of Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) that encode the same conditional independence structure among the random variables…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Davide Bizzaro , Luciano Serafini , Sagar Malhotra

Analyzing the geometry of correlation sets constrained by general causal structures is of paramount importance for foundational and quantum technology research. Addressing this task is generally challenging, prompting the development of…

We introduce a new class of graphical representations, expected utility networks (EUNs), and discuss some of its properties and potential applications to artificial intelligence and economic theory. In EUNs not only probabilities, but also…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Pierfrancesco La Mura , Yoav Shoham

Human-centered systems of systems such as social networks, Internet of Things, or healthcare systems are growingly becoming major facets of modern life. Realistic models of human behavior in such systems play a significant role in their…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-01-28 Aghdas. Meghdadi , M. R. Akbarzadeh-T. , Kourosh Javidan

Gaussian graphical models represent the backbone of the statistical toolbox for analyzing continuous multivariate systems. However, due to the intrinsic properties of the multivariate normal distribution, use of this model family may hide…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-09-09 Henrik Nyman , Johan Pensar , Jukka Corander

Bayesian networks are a widely-used class of probabilistic graphical models capable of representing symmetric conditional independence between variables of interest using the topology of the underlying graph. For categorical variables, they…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-07 Gherardo Varando , Federico Carli , Manuele Leonelli

Markov networks are popular models for discrete multivariate systems where the dependence structure of the variables is specified by an undirected graph. To allow for more expressive dependence structures, several generalizations of Markov…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-30 Johan Pensar , Henrik Nyman , Jukka Corander

The invariance properties of interventional distributions relative to the observational distribution, and how these properties allow us to refine Markov equivalence classes (MECs) of DAGs, is central to causal DAG discovery algorithms that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-09 Liam Solus

Directed acyclic graph (DAG) models, also called Bayesian networks, impose conditional independence constraints on a multivariate probability distribution, and are widely used in probabilistic reasoning, machine learning and causal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-20 Robin J. Evans