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AThe paper gives a few arguments in favour of the use of chain graphs for description of probabilistic conditional independence structures. Every Bayesian network model can be equivalently introduced by means of a factorization formula with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-01 Milan Studeny

We consider the problem of characterizing Bayesian networks up to unconditional equivalence, i.e., when directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) have the same set of unconditional $d$-separation statements. Each unconditional equivalence class (UEC)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-11 Alex Markham , Danai Deligeorgaki , Pratik Misra , Liam Solus

Recently normalized Laplacian matrices of graphs are studied as density matrices in quantum mechanics. Separability and entanglement of density matrices are important properties as they determine the nonclassical behavior in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-28 Chai Wah Wu

Bayesian network models with latent variables are widely used in statistics and machine learning. In this paper we provide a complete algebraic characterization of Bayesian network models with latent variables when the observed variables…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-20 Robin J. Evans

Borrowing ideas from the relation between simply laced Lie algebras and Dynkin diagrams, a weighted graph theory representation of quantum information is addressed. In this way, the density matrix of a quantum state can be interpreted as a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-13 Abdelilah Belhaj , Adil Belhaj , Larbi Machkouri , Moulay Brahim Sedra , Soumia Ziti

We clarify different definitions of the density matrix by proposing the use of different names, the full density matrix for a single-closed quantum system, the compressed density matrix for the averaged single molecule state from an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gui Lu Long , Yi-Fan Zhou , Jia-Qi Jin , Yang Sun , Hai-Woong Lee

Normalized Laplacian matrices of graphs have recently been studied in the context of quantum mechanics as density matrices of quantum systems. Of particular interest is the relationship between quantum physical properties of the density…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-11-15 Chai Wah Wu

Representing graphs as quantum states is becoming an increasingly important approach to study entanglement of mixed states, alternate to the standard linear algebraic density matrix-based approach of study. In this paper, we propose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-24 Bibhas Adhikari , Subhashish Banerjee , Satyabrata Adhikari , Atul Kumar

Braunstein et. al. have started the study of entanglement properties of the quantum states through graph theoretical approach. Their idea was to start from a simple unweighted graph $G$ and then they have defined the quantum state from the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-09 Rohit Kumar , Satyabrata Adhikari

Quantum Markov networks are a generalization of quantum Markov chains to arbitrary graphs. They provide a powerful classification of correlations in quantum many-body systems---complementing the area law at finite temperature---and are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-06-06 Winton Brown , David Poulin

Chain graphs give a natural unifying point of view on Markov and Bayesian networks and enlarge the potential of graphical models for description of conditional independence structures. In the paper a direct graphical separation criterion…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-18 Milan Studeny

We study conditional independence relationships for random networks and their interplay with exchangeability. We show that, for finitely exchangeable network models, the empirical subgraph densities are maximum likelihood estimates of their…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-11-22 Steffen Lauritzen , Alessandro Rinaldo , Kayvan Sadeghi

Bayesian networks are probabilistic graphical models widely employed to understand dependencies in high dimensional data, and even to facilitate causal discovery. Learning the underlying network structure, which is encoded as a directed…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-03 Jack Kuipers , Polina Suter , Giusi Moffa

Quantum networks offer a realistic and practical scheme for generating multiparticle entanglement and implementing multiparticle quantum communication protocols. However, the correlations that can be generated in networks with quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-29 Kiara Hansenne , Otfried Gühne

Acyclic directed mixed graphs, also known as semi-Markov models represent the conditional independence structure induced on an observed margin by a DAG model with latent variables. In this paper we present a factorization criterion for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-06-27 Thomas S. Richardson

Given a Bayesian network structure (directed acyclic graph), the celebrated d-separation algorithm efficiently determines whether the network structure implies a given conditional independence relation. We show that this changes drastically…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Cheuk Ting Li

We study entanglement properties of mixed density matrices obtained from combinatorial Laplacians. This is done by introducing the notion of the density matrix of a graph. We characterize the graphs with pure density matrices and show that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Samuel L. Braunstein , Sibasish Ghosh , Simone Severini

We develop the theory linking 'E-separation' in directed mixed graphs (DMGs) with conditional independence relations among coordinate processes in stochastic differential equations (SDEs), where causal relationships are determined by "which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Georg Manten , Cecilia Casolo , Søren Wengel Mogensen , Niki Kilbertus

Belief Propagation algorithms acting on Graphical Models of classical probability distributions, such as Markov Networks, Factor Graphs and Bayesian Networks, are amongst the most powerful known methods for deriving probabilistic inferences…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Matthew Leifer , David Poulin

Determining potential probability distributions with a given causal graph is vital for causality studies. To bypass the difficulty in characterizing latent variables in a Bayesian network, the nested Markov model provides an elegant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Xingjian Zhang , Yuhao Wang , Elie Wolfe
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