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Quantum Random Number Generators provide true physical randomness based on quantum processes, essential for cryptographic and scientific applications. However, practical implementations face challenges in robustness and verifiability:…
Random numbers have significant applications in fundamental science, high-level scientific research, cryptography, and several other areas where there is a pressing need for high-quality random numbers. We present an experimental…
Self-testing and Semi-Device Independent protocols are becoming the preferred choice for quantum technologies, being able to certify their quantum nature with few assumptions and simple experimental implementations. In particular for…
Quantum random number generators (QRNG) represent an advanced solution for randomness generation, essential in every cryptographic applications. In this context, integrated arrays of single photon detectors have promising applications as…
Quantum entanglement represents an ideal resource to guarantee the security of random numbers employed in many scientific and cryptographic applications. However, entanglement-based certified random number generators are particularly…
Random numbers are a fundamental ingredient for many applications including simulation, modelling and cryptography. Sound random numbers should be independent and uniformly distributed. Moreover, for cryptographic applications they should…
Random number generators (RNG) are essential elements in many cryptographic systems. True random number generators (TRNG) rely upon sources of randomness from natural processes such as those arising from quantum mechanics phenomena. We…
As a fundamental phenomenon in nature, randomness has a wide range of applications in the fields of science and engineering. Among different types of random number generators (RNG), quantum random number generator (QRNG) is a kind of…
Quantum random number generation (QRNG) is a resource that is a necessity in the field of cryptography. However, its certification has been challenging. In this article, we certify randomness with the aid of quantum entanglement in a device…
The generation of random numbers is a task of paramount importance in modern science. A central problem for both classical and quantum randomness generation is to estimate the entropy of the data generated by a given device. Here we present…
The security of electronic devices has become a key requisite for the rapidly-expanding pervasive and hyper-connected world. Robust security protocols ensuring secure communication, device's resilience to attacks, authentication control and…
Random numbers are a fundamental resource in science and engineering with important applications in simulation and cryptography. The inherent randomness at the core of quantum mechanics makes quantum systems a perfect source of entropy.…
We describe a methodology and standard of proof for experimental claims of quantum random number generation (QRNG), analogous to well-established methods from precision measurement. For appropriately constructed physical implementations,…
Random number generators (RNG) are an important resource in many areas: cryptography (both quantum and classical), probabilistic computation (Monte Carlo methods), numerical simulations, industrial testing and labeling, hazard games,…
Random number generators (RNG) based on quantum mechanics are captivating due to their security and unpredictability compared to conventional generators, such as pseudo-random number generators and hardware-random number generators. This…
Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) can provide genuine randomness based on the inherent unpredictable nature of quantum physics. The extracted randomness relies not only on the physical parts of the QRNG, such as the entropy source…
How much cryptographically-secure randomness can be extracted from a quantum state? This fundamental question probes the absolute limits of quantum random number generation (QRNG) and yet, despite the technological maturity of QRNGs, it…
Quantum random number generators are becoming mandatory in a demanding technology world of high performing learning algorithms and security guidelines. Our implementation based on principles of quantum mechanics enable us to achieve the…
Randomness is one of the most important resources in modern information science, since encryption founds upon the trust in random numbers. Since it is impossible to prove if an existing random bit string is truly random, it is relevant that…
Randomness is a valuable resource in science, cryptography, engineering, and information technology. Quantum-mechanical sources of randomness are attractive because of the indeterminism of individual quantum processes. Here we consider the…