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Gaussian states -- or, more generally, Gaussian operators -- play an important role in Quantum Optics and Quantum Information Science, both in discussions about conceptual issues and in practical applications. We describe, in a tutorial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Berthold-Georg Englert , Krzysztof Wódkiewicz

Bayesian inference is a powerful paradigm for quantum state tomography, treating uncertainty in meaningful and informative ways. Yet the numerical challenges associated with sampling from complex probability distributions hampers Bayesian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-04 Joseph M. Lukens , Kody J. H. Law , Ajay Jasra , Pavel Lougovski

We derive a computable analytical formula for the quantum fidelity between two arbitrary multimode Gaussian states which is simply expressed in terms of their first- and second-order statistical moments. We also show how such a formula can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-23 Leonardo Banchi , Samuel L. Braunstein , Stefano Pirandola

We investigate the problem of Bayesian updating of a probability distribution encoded in the quantum state of n qubits. The updating procedure takes the form of a quantum algorithm that prepares the quantum register in the state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Andrei N. Soklakov , Ruediger Schack

The number of times that we can access a system to extract information via quantum metrology is always finite, and possibly small, and realistic amounts of prior knowledge tend to be moderate. Thus theoretical consistency demands a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-02 Jesús Rubio

A framework for a quantum information theory is introduced that is based on the measure of quantum information associated with probability distribution predicted by quantum measuring of state. The entanglement between states of measured…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yi-Xin Chen

Quantum reservoir computing is a machine learning scheme in which a quantum system is used to perform information processing. A prospective approach to its physical realization is a photonic platform in which continuous variable (CV)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Markku Hahto , Johannes Nokkala

We show that quantum mechanics can be represented as an asymptotic projection of statistical mechanics of classical fields. Thus our approach does not contradict to a rather common opinion that quantum mechanics could not be reduced to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Andrei Khrennikov

Bayesian inference is a widely used technique for real-time characterization of quantum systems. It excels in experimental characterization in the low data regime, and when the measurements have degrees of freedom. A decisive factor for its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-10 Alexandra Ramôa , Raffaele Santagati , Nathan Wiebe

I describe a method of inferring the past of quantum observables given the initial state and the subsequent measurement results using Wigner quasi-probability representations. The method is proved to be compatible with logic for large…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-02 Mankei Tsang

The measurement based, or one-way, model of quantum computation for continuous variables uses a highly entangled state called a cluster state to accomplish the task of computing. Cluster states that are universal for computation are a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-11 Darren W. Moore

The exact statistics of an arbitrary quantum observable is analytically obtained. Due to the probabilistic nature of a sequence of intermediate measurements and stochastic fluctuations induced by the interaction with the environment, the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-06-19 Stefano Gherardini

We describe a measurement device principle based on discrete iterations of Bayesian updating of system state probability distributions. Although purely classical by nature, these measurements are accompanied with a progressive collapse of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 Michel Bauer , Denis Bernard , Tristan Benoist

Universal quantum computation encoded over continuous variables can be achieved via Gaussian measurements acting on entangled non-Gaussian states. However, due to the weakness of available nonlinearities, generally these states can only be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-02 Oussama Houhou , Darren W. Moore , Sougato Bose , Alessandro Ferraro

Gaussian quantum states and channels are pivotal across many branches of quantum science and their applications, including the processing and storage of quantum information, the investigation of thermodynamics in the quantum regime, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Alice P. G. Hall , Carlos H. S. Vieira , Jonas F. G. Santos

Quantum state tomography is a fundamental tool in quantum information processing. It allows us to estimate the state of a quantum system by measuring different observables on many identically prepared copies of the system. This is, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-28 Carlos A. Riofrío

This paper provides a stabilizing preparation method for quantum Gaussian states by utilizing continuous measurement. The stochastic evolution of the open quantum system is described in terms of the quantum stochastic master equation. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-28 Liying Bao , Bo Qi , Daoyi Dong

We present a novel, non-parametric form for compactly representing entangled many-body quantum states, which we call a `Gaussian Process State'. In contrast to other approaches, we define this state explicitly in terms of a configurational…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-11-11 Aldo Glielmo , Yannic Rath , Gabor Csanyi , Alessandro De Vita , George H. Booth

A general scheme is presented for controlling quantum systems using evolution driven by non-selective von Neumann measurements, with or without an additional tailored electromagnetic field. As an example, a 2-level quantum system controlled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Alexander Pechen , Nikolai Il'in , Feng Shuang , Herschel Rabitz

Predicting the outcomes of quantum measurements is a cornerstone of quantum information theory and a key resource for quantum technologies. Here, we introduce a comprehensive framework for quantifying the predictability of measurements on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Dennis I. Martínez-Moreno , Miguel Castillo-Celeita , Diego G. Bussandri