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A common way of stating the non-cloning theorem -- one of distinguishing characteristics of quantum theory -- is that one cannot make a copy of an arbitrary unknown quantum state. Even though this theorem is an important part of the ongoing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-17 Arkady Bolotin

Incompatibility is a feature of quantum theory that sets it apart from classical theory, and the inability to clone an unknown quantum state is one of the most fundamental instances. The no-hiding theorem is another such instance that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-12 Matthew Girling , Cristina Cirstoiu , David Jennings

A fundamental question in quantum mechanics is, whether it is possible to replicate an arbitrary unknown quantum state. Then famous quantum no-cloning theorem [Nature 299, 802 (1982)] says no to the question. But it leaves open the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Lu-Ming Duan , Guang-Can Guo

The possible existence of closed timelike curves (CTCs) draws attention to fundamental questions about what is physically possible and what is not. An example is the "no cloning theorem" in quantum mechanics, which states that no physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 D. Ahn , T. C. Ralph , R. B. Mann

In a previous paper, we showed that many important quantum information-theoretic phenomena, including the no-cloning and no-broadcasting theorems, are in fact generic in all non-classical probabilistic theories. An exception is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-05-26 Howard Barnum , Jonathan Barrett , Matthew Leifer , Alexander Wilce

The no-cloning theorem states that an unknown quantum state cannot be cloned exactly and deterministically due to the linearity of quantum mechanics. Associated with this theorem is the quantitative no-cloning limit that sets an upper bound…

Gleason-type theorems for quantum theory allow one to recover the quantum state space by assuming that (i) states consistently assign probabilities to measurement outcomes and that (ii) there is a unique state for every such assignment. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-01 Victoria J Wright , Stefan Weigert

Quantum no-cloning, the impossibility of perfectly cloning an arbitrary unknown quantum state, is one of the most fundamental limitations due to the laws of quantum mechanics, which underpin the physical security of quantum key…

A number of noncontextual models exist which reproduce different subsets of quantum theory and admit a no-cloning theorem. Therefore, if one chooses noncontextuality as one's notion of classicality, no-cloning cannot be regarded as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-29 Matteo Lostaglio , Gabriel Senno

The impossibility of superluminal communication is a fundamental principle of physics. Here we show that this principle underpins the performance of several fundamental tasks in quantum information processing and quantum metrology. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-02 Pavel Sekatski , Michalis Skotiniotis , Wolfgang Dür

Operational contextuality forms a rapidly developing subfield of quantum information theory. However, the characterization of the quantum mechanical entities that fuel the phenomenon has remained unknown with many partial results existing.…

The quantum no-broadcasting theorem has an analogue in modal quantum theory (MQT), a toy model based on finite fields. The failure of broadcasting in MQT is related to the failure of distributivity of the lattice of subspaces of the state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-27 Phillip Diamond , Benjamin Schumacher , Michael D. Westmoreland

Quantum information cannot be broadcast -- an intrinsic limitation imposed by quantum mechanics. However, recent advances in virtual operations offer new insights into the no-broadcasting theorem. Here, we focus on the practical utility and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Yunlong Xiao , Xiangjing Liu , Zhenhuan Liu

Attempts at cloning a quantum system result in the introduction of imperfections in the state of the copies. This is a consequence of the no-cloning theorem, which is a fundamental law of quantum physics and the backbone of security for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-17 Frédéric Bouchard , Robert Fickler , Robert W Boyd , Ebrahim Karimi

The no-broadcasting theorem is a fundamental result in quantum information theory. It guarantees that a class of attacks on quantum protocols, based on eavesdropping and indiscriminate copying of quantum information, are impossible. Due to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Adrian Solymos , Carlos Vieira , Cristhiano Duarte , Zoltán Zimborás

Incorporating sample efficiency, by requiring the number of states consumed by broadcasting does not exceed that of a naive prepare-and-distribute strategy, gives rise to the no practical quantum broadcasting theorem. To navigate this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Ximing Wang , Yunlong Xiao

Quantum coherence (QCh) is considered to be a key ingredient in quantum resource theories and also plays a pivotal role in the design and implementation of various information processing tasks. Consequently, it becomes important for us to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-22 Indranil Chakrabarty , Udit Kamal Sharma , Manish Kumar Shukla

Characterising quantum correlations from physical principles is a central problem in the field of quantum information theory. Entanglement breaks bounds on correlations put by Bell's theorem, thus challenging the notion of local causality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-26 Markus Frembs , Andreas Döring

In this work, we extensively study the problem of broadcasting of entanglement. In the first part of the work, we reconceptualize the idea of state dependent quantum cloning machine, and in that process we introduce different types of state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-26 Manish Kumar Shukla , Indranil Chakrabarty , Sourav Chatterjee

The problem of quantum state reduction in the process of measurement has attracted attention of almost everyone who created, developed or explained quantum physics to the students. Absence of a solution is the basis for the statement that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-11 Constantin V. Usenko