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I provide a simple derivation of the Born rule as giving a classical probability, that is, the ratio of the measure of favorable states of the system to the measure of its total possible states. In classical systems, the probability is due…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Ovidiu Cristinel Stoica

The notion of probability plays a crucial role in quantum mechanics. It appears in quantum mechanics as the Born rule. In modern mathematics which describes quantum mechanics, however, probability theory means nothing other than measure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 Kohtaro Tadaki

We discuss how the apparently objective probabilities predicted by quantum mechanics can be treated in the framework of Bayesian probability theory, in which all probabilities are subjective. Our results are in accord with earlier work by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Mark Srednicki

Quantum Mechanics, the physical theory describing the microworld, represents one of science's greatest triumphs. It lies at the root of all modern digital technologies and offers unparalleled correspondence between prediction and…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2016-04-25 Adam Frank

Realistic quantum mechanics based on complex probability theory is shown to have a frequency interpretation, to coexist with Bell's theorem, to be linear, to include wavefunctions which are expansions in eigenfunctions of Hermitian…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-22 S. Youssef

A rigorous general definition of quantum probability is given, which is valid for elementary events and for composite events, for operationally testable measurements as well as for inconclusive measurements, and also for non-commuting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-12 V. I. Yukalov , D. Sornette

We study the quantum measurement problem in the context of an infinite, statistically uniform space, as could be generated by eternal inflation. It has recently been argued that when identical copies of a quantum measurement system exist,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Anthony Aguirre , Max Tegmark

This brief survey analyzes the epistemological implications about the role of observer in the interpretations of Quantum Mechanics. As we know, the goal of most interpretations of quantum mechanics is to avoid the apparent intrusion of the…

General Physics · Physics 2008-11-25 Michele Caponigro

The aim of this paper is to analyze the reconstructability of quantum mechanics from classical conditional probabilities representing measurement outcomes conditioned on measurement choices. We will investigate how the quantum mechanical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-13 Gábor Hofer-Szabó

This is an attempt to clarify certain concepts related to a debate on the interpretation of quantum mechanics, a debate between Andrei Khrennikov on the one side and Blake Stacey and R\"udiger Schack on the other side. Central to this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-04 Inge S. Helland

Without Niels Bohr, QBism would be nothing. But QBism is not Bohr. This paper attempts to show that, despite a popular misconception, QBism is no minor tweak to Bohr's interpretation of quantum mechanics. It is something quite distinct.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-13 Christopher A. Fuchs

It is argued that although quantum theory isn't an absolutely deterministic theory, it is partially deterministic. The approach followed here is in the framework of the standard (Copenhagen interpretation of) quantum mechanics without any…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2021-07-06 H. Razmi , J. Bahreini

It is often stated that quantum mechanics only makes statistical predictions and that a quantum state is described by the various probability distributions associated with it. Can we describe a quantum state completely in terms of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 E. C. G. Sudarshan

The interpretation of quantum mechanics known as QBism developed out of efforts to understand the probabilities arising in quantum physics as Bayesian in character. But this development was neither easy nor without casualties. Many ideas…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-26 Blake C. Stacey

Analogies between quantum mechanics and sociology lead to the hypothesis that quantum objects are complex products of evolution. Like biological objects they are able to receive, to work on, and to spread semantic information. In general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Raoul Nakhmanson

It is argued that there is no evidence for causality as a metaphysical relation in quantum phenomena. The assumption that there are no causal laws, but only probabilities for physical processes constrained by symmetries, leads naturally to…

General Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Jeeva Anandan

Quantum Mechanics is generally considered to be the ultimate theory capable of explaining the emergence of randomness by virtue of the quantum measurement process. Therefore, Quantum Mechanics can be thought of as God's wonderfully…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-11 Gilles Brassard , Paul Raymond-Robichaud

The basic premise of Quantum Mechanics, embodied in the doctrine of wave-particle duality, assigns both, a particle and a wave structure to the physical entities. The classical laws describing the motion of a particle and the evolution of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. R. Vatsya

To understand the foundations of quantum mechanics, we have to think carefully about how theoretical concepts are rooted in -- and limited by -- the nature of experience, as Bohr attempted to show. Geometrical pictures of physical phenomena…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Doug Bilodeau

The Born rule assigns a probability to any possible outcome of a quantum measurement, but leaves open the question how these probabilities are to be interpreted and, in particular, how they relate to the outcome observed in an actual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-17 Daniela Frauchiger , Renato Renner