Related papers: Projective Ring Line Encompassing Two-Qubits
The paper explores the basic geometrical properties of the observables characterizing two-qubit systems by employing a novel projective ring geometric approach. After introducing the basic facts about quantum complementarity and maximal…
The commutation relations of the generalized Pauli operators of a qubit-qutrit system are discussed in the newly established graph-theoretic and finite-geometrical settings. The dual of the Pauli graph of this system is found to be…
The paper deals with the projective line over the finite factor ring $R\_{\clubsuit} \equiv$ GF(2)[$x$]/$<x^{3} - x>$. The line is endowed with 18 points, spanning the neighbourhoods of three pairwise distant points. As $R\_{\clubsuit}$ is…
The paper gives a succinct appraisal of the properties of the projective line defined over the direct product ring $R\_{\triangle} \equiv$ GF(2)$\otimesGF(2)\otimes$GF(2). The ring is remarkable in that except for unity, all the remaining…
A comprehensive graph theoretical and finite geometrical study of the commutation relations between the generalized Pauli operators of N-qudits is performed in which vertices/points correspond to the operators and edges/lines join commuting…
A very particular connection between the commutation relations of the elements of the generalized Pauli group of a $d$-dimensional qudit, $d$ being a product of distinct primes, and the structure of the projective line over the (modular)…
As a continuation of our previous work (arXiv:0708.4333) an algebraic geometrical study of a single $d$-dimensional qudit is made, with $d$ being {\it any} positive integer. The study is based on an intricate relation between the symplectic…
A quantum spin-1/2, and its associated su(2) algebra of Pauli spin matrices are familiarly linked to Clifford algebra and quaternions. Somewhat more loosely, we develop connections between the su(4) algebra of two spins and of its…
A list of different types of a projective line over non-commutative rings with unity of order up to thirty-one inclusive is given. Eight different types of such a line are found. With a single exception, the basic characteristics of the…
Given a (2N - 1)-dimensional projective space over GF(2), PG(2N - 1, 2), and its geometric spread of lines, there exists a remarkable mapping of this space onto PG(N - 1, 4) where the lines of the spread correspond to the points and…
The $d^2$ Pauli operators attached to a composite qudit in dimension $d$ may be mapped to the vectors of the symplectic module $\mathcal{Z}_d^{2}$ ($\mathcal{Z}_d$ the modular ring). As a result, perpendicular vectors correspond to…
In 1993, Mermin (Rev. Mod. Phys. 65, 803--815) gave lucid and strikingly simple proofs of the Bell-Kochen-Specker (BKS) theorem in Hilbert spaces of dimensions four and eight by making use of what has since been referred to as the…
The commutation relations between the generalized Pauli operators of N-qudits (i. e., N p-level quantum systems), and the structure of their maximal sets of commuting bases, follow a nice graph theoretical/geometrical pattern. One may…
The paper deals with a particular type of a projective ring plane defined over the ring of double numbers over Galois fields, R\_{\otimes}(q) \equiv GF(q) \otimes GF(q) \cong GF(q)[x]/(x(x-1)). The plane is endowed with (q^2 + q + 1)^2…
We introduce a point-line incidence geometry in which the commutation relations of the real Pauli group of multiple qubits are fully encoded. Its points are pairs of Pauli operators differing in sign and each line contains three pairwise…
Given a remarkable representation of the generalized Pauli operators of two-qubits in terms of the points of the generalized quadrangle of order two, W(2), it is shown that specific subsets of these operators can also be associated with the…
In this paper we discuss the relationship between noninvertible topological operators, one-form symmetries, and decomposition of two-dimensional quantum field theories, focusing on two-dimensional orbifolds with and without discrete…
A compact classification of the projective lines defined over (commutative) rings (with unity) of all orders up to thirty-one is given. There are altogether sixty-five different types of them. For each type we introduce the total number of…
The symmetry SU(2) and its geometric Bloch Sphere rendering are familiar for a qubit (spin-1/2) but extension of symmetries and geometries have been investigated far less for multiple qubits, even just a pair of them, that are central to…
The set of 63 real generalized Pauli matrices of three-qubits can be factored into two subsets of 35 symmetric and 28 antisymmetric elements. This splitting is shown to be completely embodied in the properties of the Fano plane; the…