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Operator quantum error correction provides a unified framework for the known techniques of quantum error correction such as the standard error correction model, the method of decoherence-free subspaces, and the noiseless subsystem method.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-25 Ri Qu , Bing-jian Shang , Yan-ru Bao , Yi-ping Ma

The purpose of this little survey is to give a simple description of the main approaches to quantum error correction and quantum fault-tolerance. Our goal is to convey the necessary intuitions both for the problems and their solutions in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Julia Kempe

We present a unified approach to quantum error correction, called operator quantum error correction. This scheme relies on a generalized notion of noiseless subsystems that is not restricted to the commutant of the interaction algebra. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 David Kribs , Raymond Laflamme , David Poulin

Error correction, in the standard meaning of the term, implies the ability to correct all small analog errors and some large errors. Examining assumptions at the basis of the recently proposed quantum error-correcting codes, it is pointed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Subhash Kak

Error-correcting codes were invented to correct errors on noisy communication channels. Quantum error correction (QEC), however, may have a wider range of uses, including information transmission, quantum simulation/computation, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-05 Ningping Cao , Junan Lin , David Kribs , Yiu-Tung Poon , Bei Zeng , Raymond Laflamme

Quantum Error Correction (QEC) is the process of detecting and correcting errors in quantum systems, which are prone to decoherence and quantum noise. QEC is crucial for developing stable and highly accurate quantum computing systems,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-31 Zihao Wang , Hao Tang

Quantum error correction is a set of methods to protect quantum information--that is, quantum states--from unwanted environmental interactions (decoherence) and other forms of noise. The information is stored in a quantum error-correcting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Todd A. Brun

We present an experimental procedure to determine the usefulness of a measurement scheme for quantum error correction (QEC). A QEC scheme typically requires the ability to prepare entangled states, to carry out multi-qubit measurements, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Gabrielle Denhez , Alexandre Blais , David Poulin

The concept of entropy and the correct application of the Second Law of thermodynamics are essential in order to understand the reason why quantum error correction is thermodynamically possible and no violation of the Second Law occurs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 Carlo Cafaro , Peter van Loock

At the intersection of quantum computing and machine learning, quantum machine learning (QML) is poised to revolutionize artificial intelligence. However, the vulnerability of the current generation of quantum computers to noise and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Eromanga Adermann , Haiyue Kang , Martin Sevior , Muhammad Usman

I give an overview of the basic concepts behind quantum error correction and quantum fault tolerance. This includes the quantum error correction conditions, stabilizer codes, CSS codes, transversal gates, fault-tolerant error correction,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-11-16 Daniel Gottesman

This paper is an expanded and more detailed version of our recent work in which the Operator Quantum Error Correction formalism was introduced. This is a new scheme for the error correction of quantum operations that incorporates the known…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 David W. Kribs , Raymond Laflamme , David Poulin , Maia Lesosky

We consider hierarchically implemented quantum error correction (HI-QEC), in which the fidelities of logical qubits are differentially optimized to enhance the capabilities of quantum devices in scientific applications. By employing qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-05 Natalie Klco , Martin J. Savage

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for quantum computers to perform useful algorithms, but large-scale fault-tolerant computation remains out of reach due to demanding requirements on operation fidelity and the number of…

We present a general framework for applying linear quantum error mitigation (QEM) techniques directly to physical qubits within a logical qubit to suppress logical errors. By exploiting the linearity of quantum error correction (QEC), we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Minjun Jeon , Zhenyu Cai

Quantum error correction (QEC) is an essential tool for quantum computing that enables reliable information processing in the presence of noise. Syndrome measurements play a central role in QEC, making it possible to unambiguously identify…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-13 Debjyoti Biswas , Prabha Mandayam

A group theoretic framework is introduced that simplifies the description of known quantum error-correcting codes and greatly facilitates the construction of new examples. Codes are given which map 3 qubits to 8 qubits correcting 1 error, 4…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-23 A. R. Calderbank , E. M Rains , P. W. Shor , N. J. A. Sloane

A quantum error correcting code is a subspace $\mathcal{C}$ such that allowed errors acting on any state in $\mathcal{C}$ can be corrected. A quantum code for which state recovery is only required up to a logical rotation within…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 S. Omkar , R. Srikanth , Subhashish Banerjee

Quantum error correction (QEC) is an essential element of physical quantum information processing systems. Most QEC efforts focus on extending classical error correction schemes to the quantum regime. The input to a noisy system is embedded…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Andrew S. Fletcher , Peter W. Shor , Moe Z. Win

Noise is one of the central obstacles to building useful quantum computers, and quantum error correction (QEC) provides the framework for protecting quantum information against it. Unlike classical error correction, QEC must preserve…