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The status of locality in quantum mechanics is analyzed from a nonstandard point of view. It is assumed that quantum states are relative, they depend on and are defined with respect to some bigger physical system which contains the former…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gyula Bene

It is briefly demonstrated that Gisin's so-called 'locality' assumption [arXiv:0901.4255] is in fact equivalent to the existence of a local deterministic model. Thus, despite Gisin's suggestions to the contrary, 'local realism' in the sense…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-01 Michael J. W. Hall

The Bell inequality constrains the outcomes of measurements on pairs of distant entangled particles. The Bell contradiction states that the Bell inequality is inconsistent with the calculated outcomes of these quantum experiments. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Kees van Hee , Kees van Berkel , Jan de Graaf

Entanglement witnesses such as Bell inequalities are frequently used to prove the non-classicality of a light source and its suitability for further tasks. By demonstrating Bell inequality violations using classical light in common…

In a recent paper published in PNAS authors prove that locality and free choice are equivalent resources which need to be relaxed in order to fully reproduce some statistics in Bell experiments (while always maintaining realism). We explain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-01 Marian Kupczynski

In a old paper by G. Lochak, it is claimed that the Bell definition of a hidden variable is in conflict with the formalism of quantum mechanics. This result implies that it is not necessary to invoke non locality to explain the violation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-24 Aurelien Drezet

Nieuwenhuizen argued that there exists some "contextuality loophole" in Bell's theorem. This claim is unjustified. In Bell's theorem non-contextuality is not presupposed but derived from Einstein causality using the EPR argument.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-27 I. Schmelzer

Bell scenarios are multipartite scenarios that exclude any signalling between parties. This leads to a strict hierarchy of classical, quantum, and non-signalling correlations in such scenarios. Here we consider a minimal relaxation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Ravi Kunjwal , Ognyan Oreshkov

Observing the violation of Bell's inequality tells us something about all possible future theories: they must all predict nonlocal correlations. Hence Nature is nonlocal. After an elementary introduction to nonlocality and a brief review of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-23 Nicolas Gisin

The renowned Local Friendliness no-go theorem demonstrates the incompatibility of quantum theory with the combined assumptions of Absoluteness of Observed Events - the idea that observed outcomes are singular and objective - and Local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Laurens Walleghem , Lorenzo Catani

This article shows that the there is no paradox. Violation of Bell's inequalities should not be identified with a proof of non locality in quantum mechanics. A number of past experiments is reviewed, and it is concluded that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-07-20 V. K. Ignatovich

Mainstream interpretations of quantum theory maintain that violations of the Bell inequalities deny at least either realism or Einstein locality. Here we investigate the premises of the Bell-type inequalities by returning to earlier…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-31 K. Hess , K. Michielsen , H. De Raedt

The Bell theorem for a pair of two-state systems in a singlet state is formulated for the entire range of measurement settings.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Dagomir Kaszlikowski , Marek Zukowski

Bell inequalities are a consequence of measurement incompatibility (not, as generally thought, of nonlocality). In classical terms, this is equivalent to contextuality -- measurement devices do have a significant effect. Contextual models…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter Morgan

Nonlocality and contextuality are at the root of conceptual puzzles in quantum mechanics, and are key resources for quantum advantage in information-processing tasks. Bell nonlocality is best understood as the incompatibility between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-18 Eric G. Cavalcanti

(A) Bell's theorem rests on a conjunction of three assumptions: realism, locality and ``free will''. A discussion of these assumptions will be presented. It will be also shown that, if one adds to the assumptions the principle or rotational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Marek Zukowski

It has been experimentally confirmed that quantum physical phenomena can violate the Information Bell Inequalities. A violation of the one or the other of these Information Bell Inequalites is equivalent to a violation of local realism…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-01-11 Gary Bruno Schmid , Rudolf M. Duenki

In all local realistic theories worked out till now, locality is considered as a basic assumption. Most people in the field consider the inconsistency between local realistic theories and quantum mechanics to be a result of non-local nature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Fahmi

The experimental results that test Bell's inequality have found strong evidence suggesting that there are nonlocal aspects in nature. Evidently, these nonlocal effects, which concern spacelike separated regions, create an enormous tension…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-07 Yuri Bonder , Johas D. Morales

One of the most notable aspects of quantum systems is that their components can exhibit correlations much stronger than those allowed by classical physics. Two examples of quantum correlations are quantum entanglement and Bell nonlocality,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-10-30 Matthew Low
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