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We show how the Majorana representation can be used to express the pure states of an N-qubit system as points on the Bloch sphere. We compare this geometrical representation of N-qubit states with an alternative one, proposed recently by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 H. Mäkelä , A. Messina

By the Majorana representation, for any $d > 1$ there is a one-one correspondence between a quantum state of dimension $d$ and $d-1$ qubits represented as $d-1$ points in the Bloch sphere. Using the theory of symmetry class of tensors, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-03 Chi-Kwong Li , Mikio Nakahara

Permutation-symmetric quantum states appear in a variety of physical situations, and they have been proposed for quantum information tasks. This article builds upon the results of [New J. Phys. 12, 073025 (2010)], where the maximally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-11 Martin Aulbach , Damian Markham , Mio Murao

Geometric intuition is a crucial tool to obtain deeper insight into many concepts of physics. A paradigmatic example of its power is the Bloch ball, the geometrical representation for the state space of the simplest possible quantum system,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-01 Christopher Eltschka , Marcus Huber , Simon Morelli , Jens Siewert

This paper presents an introduction to geometric representations of quantum states in which each distinct quantum state, pure and mixed, corresponds to a unique point in a Euclidean space. Beginning with a review of some underappreciated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Athanasios Kostikas , Yaroslav Valchyshen , Paul Cadden-Zimansky

We report a study of the Majorana geometrical representation of a qutrit, where a pair of points on a unit sphere represents its quantum states. A canonical form for qutrit states is presented, where every state can be obtained from a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-07 Shruti Dogra , Kavita Dorai , Arvind

The properties of the geometric phases between three quantum states are investigated in a high-dimensional Hilbert space using the Majorana representation of symmetric quantum states. We found that the geometric phases between the three…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-18 Shuhei Tamate , Kazuhisa Ogawa , Masao Kitano

By describing the evolution of a quantum state with the trajectories of the Majorana stars on a Bloch sphere, Majorana's stellar representation provides an intuitive geometric perspective to comprehend a quantum system with high-dimensional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-10 Yuguo Su , Fei Yao , Yanming Che , Li-Bin Fu , Xiaoguang Wang

The qutrit comes next in complexity after qubit as a resource for quantum information processing. The qubit density matrix can be easily visualized using Bloch sphere representation of its states. In contrast, this simplicity is in general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-29 Vinod K. Mishra

In this paper we present a simple algorithm for representation of statistical data of any origin by complex probability amplitudes. Numerical simulation with Mathematica-6 is performed. The Bloch's sphere is used for visualization of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-03-11 Andrei Khrennikov

We show how one can solve the problem of discriminating between qubit states. We use the quantum state discrimination duality theorem and the Bloch sphere representation of qubits which allows for an easy geometric and analytical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-28 M. E. Deconinck , B. M. Terhal

As early as 1932, Majorana had proposed that a pure permutation symmetric state of N spin- 1 2 particles can be represented by N spinors, which correspond geometrically to N points on the Bloch sphere. Several decades after its conception,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-09-14 A. R. Usha Devi , Sudha , A. K. Rajagopal

We express modular and weak values of observables of three- and higher-level quantum systems in their polar form. The Majorana representation of N-level systems in terms of symmetric states of N-1 qubits provides us with a description on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-04 Mirko Cormann , Yves Caudano

We extend Bloch Sphere formalism to pure two qubit systems. Combining insights from Geometric Algebra and analysis of entanglement in different conjugate bases we identify Two Bloch Sphere geometry that is suitable for representing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-19 Stanislav Filatov , Marcis Auzinsh

The Majorana's stellar representation, which represents the evolution of a quantum state with the trajectories of the Majorana stars on a Bloch sphere, provides an intuitive way to study a physical system with high dimensional projective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-22 H. D. Liu , L. B. Fu

Pure quantum spin-$s$ states can be represented by $2s$ points on the sphere, as shown by Majorana in 1932 --- the description has proven particularly useful in the study of rotational symmetries of the states, and a host of other…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-02 C. Chryssomalakos , E. Guzmán-González , L. Hanotel , E. Serrano-Ensástiga

This paper provides a short introduction to the mathematical foundation of quantum computation for researchers in computer science by providing an introduction fo the mathematical basis of calculations. This paper concerns the mathematical…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Gérard Fleury , Philippe Lacomme

In quantum circuits, qubits and the quantum gates acting on them have traditionally been analysed using matrix algebra and Dirac notation. While powerful, these can be unintuitive for conceptual understanding and rapid problem solving. In…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-03-21 Serkan Akkoyun

A generalized Bloch sphere, in which the states of a quantum entity of arbitrary dimension are geometrically represented, is investigated and further extended, to also incorporate the measurements. This extended representation constitutes a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-16 Diederik Aerts , Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi

States of a quantum mechanical system are represented by rays in a complex Hilbert space. The space of rays has, naturally, the structure of a K\"ahler manifold. This leads to a geometrical formulation of the postulates of quantum mechanics…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Abhay Ashtekar , Troy A. Schilling
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