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Related papers: The Maxwell wave function of the photon

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A Lorentz-covariant system of wave equations is formulated for a quantum-mechanical three-body system in one space dimension, comprised of one photon and two identical massive spin one-half Dirac particles, which can be thought of as two…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-11-13 Lawrence Frolov , Samuel E. Leigh , A. Shadi Tahvildar-Zadeh

The photon is modeled as a monochromatic solution of Maxwell's equations confined as a soliton wave by the principle of causality of special relativity. The soliton travels rectilinearly at the speed of light. The solution can represent any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Geoffrey Hunter , Marian Kowalski , Camil Alexandrescu

A first quantized free photon is a complex massless vector field $A=(A^\mu)$ whose field strength satisfies Maxwell's equations in vacuum. We construct the Hilbert space $\mathscr{H}$ of the photon by endowing the vector space of the fields…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-19 Hassan Babaei , Ali Mostafazadeh

The evolution of light theories began with Isaac Newton's corpuscular model, which explained reflection and refraction but could not account for diffraction and interference. In contrast, Christiaan Huygens proposed a wave theory,…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-09-18 Arvind Khuntia , Raghunath Sahoo

An earlier forward and backward in time formalism developed by us to discuss non-relativistic electron diffraction is generalized to the relativistic case and here applied to photons. We show how naturally the zero-point energy emerges in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 A. Widom , J. Swain , Y. N. Srivastava , M. Blasone , G. Vitiello

Quantum light is considered to be one of the key resources of the coming second quantum revolution expected to give rise to groundbreaking technologies and applications. If the spatio-temporal and polarization structure of modes is known,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-03 Geehyun Yang , Matthias Kizmann , Alfred Leitenstorfer , Andrey S. Moskalenko

In \cite{2} it was shown that Einstein's special theory of relativity and Maxwell's field theory have mathematically equivalent dual versions. The dual versions arise from an identity relating observer time to proper time as a contact…

General Physics · Physics 2022-08-24 Tepper L. Gill , Gonzalo Ares de Parga , Trey Morris , Mamadou Wade

The wave-particle duality of light introduces two fundamental problems to imaging, namely, the diffraction limit and the photon shot noise. Quantum information theory can tackle them both in one holistic formalism: model the light as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-10 Mankei Tsang

The symmetry studies of Maxwell equations gave new insight on the nature of electromagnetic (EM) field. Tey are reviewed in the work presented. It is drawing the attention on the following aspects. EM-field has in general case quaternion…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-07-11 Dmitri Yerchuck , Alla Dovlatova , Andrey Alexandrov

Classically, electromagnetic pulses are described by real fields that couple to charged matter and propagate causally. We will show here that real fields of the form used in standard classical electromagnetic theory have a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-07 Margaret Hawton

A derivation is presented of the quantummechanical wave equations based upon the Equity Principle of Einstein's General Relativity Theory. This is believed to be more generic than the common derivations based upon Einstein's energy…

General Physics · Physics 2007-07-19 Engel Roza

A nonlocal theory of optical real image formation is developed from the basic quantum physics linked to an optical real image formation apparatus. Optical real images are formed by photons. Photons are nonlocal quantum objects that exhibit…

Optics · Physics 2014-08-05 Greyson Gilson

Einstein-Maxwell theory implies the mixing of photons with gravitons in an external electromagnetic field. This process and its possible observable consequences have been studied at tree level for many years. We use the worldline formalism…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 F. Bastianelli , U. Nucamendi , C. Schubert , V. M. Villanueva

In this paper a one to one correspondence is established between space-time metrics of general relativity and the wave equations of quantum mechanics. This is done by first taking the square root of the metric associated with a space and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Paul O'Hara

It is shown that a Dirac(-type) equation for a rank-two bi-spinor field on Minkowski (configuration) spacetime furnishes a Lorentz-covariant quantum-mechanical wave equation in position-space representation for a single free photon. This…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-01-04 Michael K. -H. Kiessling , A. Shadi Tahvildar-Zadeh

I introduce a spinor field theory for the photon. The three-dimensional vector electromagnetic field and the four-dimensional vector potential are components of this spinor photon field. A spinor equation for the photon field is derived…

General Physics · Physics 2011-09-20 Ruo Peng Wang

Matter waves were discovered in the early 20th century from their wavelength, predicted by DeBroglie, Planck's constant divided by the particle's momentum, that is, lmw = h/mv. But, the failure to obtain a reasonable theory for the matter…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Roger Ellman

Although electrons (fermions) and photons(bosons) produce the same interference patterns in the two-slit experiments, the description of these patterns is markedly different. Photons are spin one, relativistic and massless while electrons…

General Physics · Physics 2023-06-14 Arkady L. Kholodenko

Photon wave function is a controversial concept. Controversies stem from the fact that photon wave functions can not have all the properties of the Schroedinger wave functions of nonrelativistic wave mechanics. Insistence on those…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Iwo Bialynicki-Birula

Compared to classical optical coherence theory based on Maxwell's electromagnetic theory and Glauber's quantum optical coherence theory based on matrix mechanics formulation of quantum mechanics, quantum optical coherence theory based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-18 Jianbin Liu , Yu Zhou , Hui Chen , Huaibin Zheng , Yuchen He , Fuli Li , Zhuo Xu