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Extracting macroscopic properties of a system from microscopic interactions has always been an interesting topic with the most diverse applications. Here, we use the quantum Boltzmann equation to investigate the density matrix evolution of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-06-15 Hassan Manshouri , Ahmad Hoseinpour , Moslem Zarei

We study an analogous Bloch sphere representation of higher-level quantum systems using the Heisenberg-Weyl operator basis. We introduce a parametrization method that will allow us to identify a real-valued Bloch vector for an arbitrary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-11 Gautam Sharma , Sibasish Ghosh , Sk Sazim

We study the separability of bipartite quantum systems in arbitrary dimensions using the Bloch representation of their density matrix. This approach enables us to find an alternative characterization of the separability problem, from which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-05 Julio I. de Vicente

A generalized Bloch sphere, in which the states of a quantum entity of arbitrary dimension are geometrically represented, is investigated and further extended, to also incorporate the measurements. This extended representation constitutes a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-16 Diederik Aerts , Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi

An ability to describe quantum states directly by average values of measurement outcomes is provided by the Bloch vector. For an informationally complete set of measurements one can construct unique Bloch vector for any quantum state.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-21 Pawel Kurzynski

We provide a description of interacting quantum fields in terms of density matrices for any occupation numbers in Fock space in a momentum basis. As a simple example, we focus on a real scalar field interacting with another real scalar…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-06-09 Christian Käding , Mario Pitschmann

We demonstrate that the multipoles associated with the density matrix are truly observable quantities that can be unambiguously determined from intensity moments. Given their correct transformation properties, these multipoles are the…

The operator-sum decomposition (OS) of a mapping from one density matrix to another has many applications in quantum information science. To this mapping there corresponds an affine map which provides a geometric description of the density…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-02-10 Mark S. Byrd , C. Allen Bishop , Yong-Cheng Ou

The properties of coherence and polarization of light has been the subject of intense investigations and form the basis of many technological applications. These concepts which historically have been treated independently can now be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-07 Bertúlio de Lima Bernardo

We advocate for a simple multipole expansion of the polarization density matrix. The resulting multipoles are used to construct bona fide quasiprobability distributions that appear as a sum of successive moments of the Stokes variables; the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-04 L. L. Sanchez-Soto , A. B. Klimov , P. de la Hoz , G. Leuchs

The Bloch sphere representation is a geometric model for all possible quantum states of a two-level system that can be used to describe the time dynamics of a qubit. As explicit application, we consider the time dynamics of a particle in a…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-10-31 Jonas Bley , Vieri Mattei , Simon Goorney , Jacob Sherson , Stefan Heusler

We first introduce and discuss density operator interpretations of quantum theory as a special case of a more general class of interpretations, giving special attention to a version that we call the `atomic version'. We then review some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Guido Bacciagaluppi , Michael Dickson

An alternative method to the density matrix formalism for the derivation of general expressions of the interaction of polarized atoms with polarized photons and electrons is presented. The expression for the cross-section describing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 A. Kupliauskiene

An alternative description of quantum scattering processes rests on inhomogeneous terms amended to the Schroedinger equation. We detail the structure of sources that give rise to multipole scattering waves of definite angular momentum, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Christian Bracher , Tobias Kramer , Manfred Kleber

We show that the time evolution of density operator of open qubit system can always be described in terms of the Kraus representation. A general scheme on how to construct the Kraus operators for an open qubit system is proposed, which can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 D. M. Tong , Jing-Ling Chen , L. C. Kwek , C. H. Oh

For one qubit systems, we present a short, elementary argument characterizing unital quantum operators in terms of their action on Bloch vectors. We then show how our approach generalizes to multi-qubit systems, obtaining inequalities that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 P. S. Bourdon , H. T. Williams

A general density-matrix formulation of quantum-transport phenomena in semiconductor nanostructures is presented. More specifically, contrary to the conventional single-particle correlation expansion, we shall investigate separately the…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-11-11 Rita Claudia Iotti , Emanuele Ciancio , Fausto Rossi

We represent generalized density matrices of a $d$-complex dimensional quantum system as a subcone of a real pointed cone of revolution in $\mathbb{R}^{d^2}$, or indeed a Minkowskian cone in $\mathbb{E}^{1,d^2-1}$. Generalized pure states…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Pablo Arrighi , Christophe Patricot

Nucleon generalized polarizabilities are investigated within a relativistic framework, defining such quantities through a Lorentz covariant multipole expansion of the amplitude for virtual Compton scattering. The key physical ingredients in…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-09-08 B. Pasquini , G. Salme`

Statistical ensemble formalism of Kim, Mandel and Wolf (J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 4, 433 (1987)) offers a realistic model for characterizing the effect of stochastic non-image forming optical media on the state of polarization of transmittedlight.…

Optics · Physics 2007-06-26 Sudha , A. V. Gopala Rao , A. R. Usha Devi , A. K. Rajagopal